Thin solid films of salmon deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have been fabricated by treatment with a surfactant and used as host for the laser dye sulforhodamine (SRh). The DNA films have an absorption peak at approximately 260 nm owing to absorption by the nitrogenous aromatic bases. The SRh molecules in the DNA films have absorption and emission peaks at 578 and 602 nm, respectively. The maximum emission was obtained at approximately 1 wt. % SRh in DNA, equivalent to approximately 100 DNA base pairs per SRh molecule. A distributed feedback grating structure was fabricated on a SiO(2)-Si substrate using interference lithography. The grating period of 437 nm was selected, corresponding to second-order emission at the amplified spontaneous emission wavelength of 650 nm. Lasing was obtained by pumping with a doubled Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm. The lasing threshold was 3 microJ, corresponding to approximately 30 microJ/cm(2) or 4 kW/cm(2). The emission linewidth decreased from approximately 30 nm in the amplified spontaneous emission mode to <0.4 nm (instrument limited) in the lasing mode. The slope efficiency of the lasing was approximately 1.2%.

Six kinds of ZrO2 supports (ZRX, X = 1–6) with different crystal structures (monoclinic ZrO2: m-ZrO2; tetragonal ZrO2: t-ZrO2; and mixed-phase of monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO2: mix-ZrO2) were synthesized, and their effects on the properties of Co/ZrO2 catalysts were investigated for methyl laurate hydrogenation. Among the prepared catalysts, Co/mix-ZrO2 (Co/ZR3), with the highest concentration of surface Co2+, oxygen vacancies (Ov), and complex types of exposed Co crystal planes, exhibited the highest activity and stability toward methyl laurate hydrogenation, with nearly 100% yield of liquid alkanes produced at 240 °C, or 90.5% of fatty alcohol (selectivity: 96%) at 180 °C. By exploring reaction kinetics and catalyst properties, oxygen vacancies in the support of Co/ZrO2 catalysts were found to play an important role in tuning the valence state of Co, while the crystal structure of ZrO2 influenced exposed lattice planes of cobalt. The high Ov content and active β-Co(102) crystal face of Co/ZR3 were efficient for reducing activation energies for C–C or CO bond cleavage, causing high activity toward fatty ester hydrogenation. Less-active Co, such as α-Co(111) and α-Co(200), or oxygen vacancies made the fatty alcohol intermediate difficult to be deoxygenated to alkanes.

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Most, but not all, studies in Western countries have indicated that women have a higher mortality than men after an acute myocardial infarction, but this has not been well documented in the developing world. The authors studied 601 male and 294 female myocardial infarction patients, aged 26-94 years, admitted to a city hospital in Beijing, China, between 1974 and 1986. A total of 745 (98.8%) of the cohort of 754 who survived past their initial hospitalization were followed up in 1988. Compared with their male counterparts, female myocardial infarction patients were older (63.4 vs. 58.1 years) and had a higher prevalence of tachycardia (heart rate, > or = 110 beats/minute), rales, New York Heart Association class III or IV, and heart block, but a lower prevalence of smoking and white collar occupation (all p < 0.01). The mortality within 28 days of their myocardial infarction was higher in women than in men, mainly in the group whose age was less than 60 years (20.4% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.001). The greater risk of short-term mortality in women persisted even after adjustment for age, history of stroke and hypertension, tachycardia on admission, anterior infarction, Killip class III or IV, and arrhythmia (relative odds = 1.74, 95% confidence interval 1.17-2.60). The 10-year total cumulative mortality in persons who survived the first 28 days following their myocardial infarction was 51.1% for women and 35.9% for men (log rank p = 0.002). After adjustment for age, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.3). Our results suggest that, in Beijing, women have a higher short-term mortality after myocardial infarction compared with men.

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