“…The O + , O 2 + , In + , Sn + , In, Sn, and O species propagating toward a substrate contribute to the orientation of crystallites on the substrates and subsequently the film growth. When the DC arc plasma is switched off while O 2 gas is introduced into the deposition chamber at a constant rate, on the basis of the analysis of the data obtained by plasma diagnostics, additional O – will be formatted by the following reactions where the residual 1 O 2 reacts with the path (eq → ) and stable O 2 reacts with the path (eq → → ).…”