Abstract:Level Shifter (LS) circuits are widely used as interfaces for multiple voltage domains in moderns ICs and System on Chips (SoCs). Low power dissipation and low delay are the main design considerations for high performance level shifters. This paper presents the design of a level shifter integrating new topological modifications to assure a wide range of voltage conversion with low power dissipation and low output delay. The presented level shifter is designed to take input signal of 1 V and convert that into a… Show more
“…Among all the functional blocks, CP is the most crucial block which significantly contributes to boosting the PLL's overall performance and stability. It changes the digital signal originating from PFD into an analog signal which in turn controls the VCO frequency [12]. The output voltage of the charge pump must be fixed when the PLL goes into a locked state at a specific frequency.…”
Readerless RFID has become more significant for reliable wireless communication. The Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is among the most crucial functional block in the Readerless RFID where the PLL performance greatly depends on the Charge Pump (CP). Conventional CP circuits suffer from current mismatching characteristics which generate phase offset and spurs in the PLL output signals. To overcome these problems, the CP current mismatch has to be minimized. An enhanced CP circuit with zero current mismatch is presented in this article adopting an ideal current mirror technique and an additional inverter to provide a rail-to-rail voltage. The post-layout simulation shows that the proposed CP maintains the steady current over a wide range of output voltage from 0.1-1.8 V consuming the substantially lower power of 0.178 µW. The CP circuit is designed in 130 nm CMOS process that operates at 1.8 V, and the core occupies 17 x 59.5 μm2. The proposed CP will be a good solution for low voltage, high-frequency PLL structure which suffers from poor performance.
“…Among all the functional blocks, CP is the most crucial block which significantly contributes to boosting the PLL's overall performance and stability. It changes the digital signal originating from PFD into an analog signal which in turn controls the VCO frequency [12]. The output voltage of the charge pump must be fixed when the PLL goes into a locked state at a specific frequency.…”
Readerless RFID has become more significant for reliable wireless communication. The Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is among the most crucial functional block in the Readerless RFID where the PLL performance greatly depends on the Charge Pump (CP). Conventional CP circuits suffer from current mismatching characteristics which generate phase offset and spurs in the PLL output signals. To overcome these problems, the CP current mismatch has to be minimized. An enhanced CP circuit with zero current mismatch is presented in this article adopting an ideal current mirror technique and an additional inverter to provide a rail-to-rail voltage. The post-layout simulation shows that the proposed CP maintains the steady current over a wide range of output voltage from 0.1-1.8 V consuming the substantially lower power of 0.178 µW. The CP circuit is designed in 130 nm CMOS process that operates at 1.8 V, and the core occupies 17 x 59.5 μm2. The proposed CP will be a good solution for low voltage, high-frequency PLL structure which suffers from poor performance.
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