Design of a High Power, LCC-Compensated, Dynamic, Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System with Improved Misalignment Tolerance

ElGhanam, Eiman; Hassan, Mohamed S.; Osman, Ahmed

doi:10.3390/en14040885

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In [26], S-LCC, LCC-S and LCC-LCC are compared in detail. Especially, LCC-S compensation topology shows that the WPT system still has a good transmission efficiency in a wide range of load changes [27][28][29][30][31]. Similarly, these studies focus on the DC load (battery charging); little research has been done on AC applications.…”

Section: Circuit Operation Of Em-wpt Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Constant Voltage/Current Output of LCC–S Envelope Modulation Wireless Power Transfer System

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2022

Energies

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As a technology that makes power transfer more flexible, wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has become a hot research topic in recent years. However, most of the existing studies are based on a DC–DC WPT system. If applied to AC loads, the traditional system usually contains multiple energy conversion stages, which lead to a low transmission efficiency and therefore higher costs. Besides, the necessary large electrolytic capacitors make the system unreliable and bulky. The goal of this study is to design a reliable and efficient WPT system featuring constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) output for AC loads. In this work, an inductor–capacitor–capacitor series (LCC–S) enveloped modulation wireless power transfer (EM–WPT) system is proposed. The design of the proposed system is elaborated in this paper, including the working principle of the system’s power converters, the relationship between CC/CV output characteristics and the input current, and the control strategy of CC/CV output based on an AC–AC boost converter. Lastly, an experimental prototype is configured to verify the CC/CV characteristics. The measured overall efficiency of the system reaches 91% and the power factor of input power supply approaches 1.

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Section: Circuit Operation Of Em-wpt Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Constant Voltage/Current Output of LCC–S Envelope Modulation Wireless Power Transfer System

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2022

Energies

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“…where the desired final SoC is estimated by each EV based on its remaining trip distance, its average traveling velocity and the average EV energy consumption rate [6,28]. The message m 3 is then signed using the signing key of EV e and is encrypted using the pubic key of the CSC, E pk C (m 3 ).…”

Section: Registration and Authentication Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the need for hardware compatibility and/or interoperability between the EV charging connector and the charging inlet point impacts the convenience of EV users and may contribute to their range anxiety for fear of running out of charge without reaching a compatible charging point [5]. Accordingly, to reduce the risks associated with wired (plug-in) charging and improve charging flexibility and convenience, wireless EV charging solutions are becoming increasingly popular, in which the charging power is wirelessly transferred, typically using inductive coupling, between a primary charging pad laid on the ground and a secondary receiver pad fitted at the bottom of the EVs [6,7]. Nevertheless, range anxiety remains the key drawback for any stationary charging solution including static wireless charging systems, as EV drivers fear running out of charge before reaching the charging station and/or without completing their desired journeys on time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic wireless charging (DWC) systems offer an effective solution to the issue of range anxiety. This is because, by laying charging segments in dedicated lanes along extended roadways, EVs can be charged wirelessly during their motion [2,6,8]. This ensures charge ubiquity during extended journeys, thereby reducing range anxiety and eliminating driving delays due to the EV charging downtime [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Authentication and Billing for Dynamic Wireless EV Charging in an Internet of Electric Vehicles

et al. 2021

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Dynamic wireless charging (DWC) is a promising technology to charge Electric Vehicles (EV) using on-road charging segments (CS), also known as DWC pads. In order to ensure effective utilization of this on-the-road charging service, communication and coordination need to be established between the EVs and the different network entities, thereby forming an Internet of Electric Vehicles (IoEV). In an IoEV, EVs can utilize different V2X communication modes to enable charging scheduling, load management, and reliable authentication and billing services. Yet, designing an authentication scheme for dynamic EV charging presents significant challenges given the mobility of the EVs and the short contact time between the EVs and the charging segments. Accordingly, this work proposes a fast, secure and lightweight authentication scheme that allows only authentic EVs with valid credentials to charge their batteries while ensuring secure and fair payments. The presented scheme starts with a key pre-distribution phase between the charging service company (CSC) and the charging pad owner (PO), followed by a hash chain and digital signature-based registration and authentication phase between the EV and the CSC, before the EV reaches the beginning of the charging lane. These preliminary authentication phases allow the authentication between the EVs and the charging segments to be performed using simple hash key verification operations prior to charging activation, which reduces the computational cost of the EVs and the CS. Symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography are utilized to secure the communication between the different network entities. Analysis of the computational and transmission time requirements of the proposed authentication scheme shows that, for an EV traveling at 60 km/h to start charging at the beginning of the charging lane, the authentication process must be initiated at least 1.35 m ahead of the starting point of the lane as it requires ≃81 ms to be completed.

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“…It also contributes to range anxiety, as EV drivers fear running out of charge before reaching their destinations and/or the nearest charging point [9]. Accordingly, dynamic wireless EV charging (DWC) systems are developed, in which the charging pads are laid on the roads commuted by the EVs, to enable EVs to recharge their batteries during their motion [10], [11]. In this way, charging and driving are decoupled and the charging downtime is eliminated, which helps reduce the range anxiety of EV drivers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Coordination of Charging Demand of Electric Vehicles in a Network of Dynamic Wireless Charging Systems

et al. 2022

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The utilization of dynamic wireless charging (DWC) systems to charge on-the-move EVs is currently gaining an increasing popularity, as it addresses range and charging downtime issues of EV users. To ensure optimal utilization of this charging infrastructure, coordination of EV charging demand is essential to achieve grid load balancing and prevent grid overload. In contrast to offline, day-ahead charging scheduling, this work proposes an online, mobility-aware, spatial EV allocation algorithm within a DWC coordination strategy. This strategy allocates EVs requesting charge to the most optimal DWC lanes within an EV charging network (ECN) in an Internet of EVs (IoEVs). A detailed charging request scenario is presented to highlight the required communication for authentication between the EVs and the charging infrastructure, to achieve the desired coordination. Description of the proposed EV allocation algorithm is then presented and the performance of the algorithm is evaluated using a hypothetical case study of predicted EV traffic trips in the cities of Dubai and Sharjah, UAE. Upon parameter optimization, results of the conducted analysis reveal that the proposed EV allocation algorithm achieves an almost flattened load profile across the DWC lanes that reduces the PAER by more than 44% in comparison with a shortest distance allocation algorithm, for a maximum 2× increase in trip length, and sufficient received energy to compensate for the energy consumed during the trip. This acknowledges grid supply limitations, EV traveling velocities and the maximum service capacity per DWC lane.INDEX TERMS Electric vehicle charging network; dynamic wireless charging system; charging coordination; spatial allocation; peak-to-average-energy ratio. NOMENCLATURE Abbreviations CEMCentralized energy management.

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Design of a High Power, LCC-Compensated, Dynamic, Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System with Improved Misalignment Tolerance

Cited by 26 publications

References 69 publications

Research on Constant Voltage/Current Output of LCC–S Envelope Modulation Wireless Power Transfer System

Research on Constant Voltage/Current Output of LCC–S Envelope Modulation Wireless Power Transfer System

Authentication and Billing for Dynamic Wireless EV Charging in an Internet of Electric Vehicles

On the Coordination of Charging Demand of Electric Vehicles in a Network of Dynamic Wireless Charging Systems

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