Design of a Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) Machine for Wrist Joint Therapy

Abstract

Patients after joint surgery require passive movements that are carried out continuously. The movement is given to the patient to reduce the stiffness that occurs in the joints after joint surgery. Joint stiffness is characterized by pain and limited motion of the joint, which is caused due to reduced synovial fluid. Synovial fluid in the joints can be reduced if the joint is not moved in a long time. This research will design a wrist joint therapy machine that can be moved flexion, extension, ulnar and radial. Besides that, the device to be designed can be adjusted the angle of movement of the tool and the speed of movement of the tool. The angles of movement that can be reached are: (1) flexion movement: 80 ° movement angle, (2) extension movement: 75 ° movement angle, (3) radial movement: 25 ° movement angle, and (4) ulnar movement: movement angle 39 °. Adjustable speeds include: 1 RPM, 2 RPM and 3 RPM. In the result of testing device, we find the maximum difference of movement in 2° and the speed of rotation we have the difference in 0.5 second. Based on experiments that have been done, the tool can be controlled in accordance with the desired movement settings.

Continuous Passive Motion Machine for Elbow Rehabilitation

“…This joint stiffness may be caused by the adhesion of the joint capsule with the cartilage that is due to the reduction in the amount of synovial fluid, which acts as the joint's lubricant. This problem may occur due to the lack of joint movement following joint surgery or trauma [13]. CPM machines can also reduce pain, decrease the number of adhesions and amount of atrophy experienced by the supporting muscles [14], reduce scar tissue formation, and increase range of motion (ROM) and flexibility of the joints [15].…”

“…Previous studies on CPM machines include the work in [13]- [29], Wang et al developed a knee CPM machine. The machine is simple, and its motion is actuated by the DC geared motor and controlled through the Arduino microcontroller board [15].…”

“…The machine can attain the desired fingers' range of motion, amount of force to be exerted, and angular speed accurately [8]. In the CPM machine for the wrist joint developed by Noviyanto et al [13], the angular displacement and speed can be adjusted according to the therapy requirement. The machine is attached to a chair and able to help the patients to conduct continuous repetitive shoulder flexion and horizontal abduction motions [13].…”

“…In the CPM machine for the wrist joint developed by Noviyanto et al [13], the angular displacement and speed can be adjusted according to the therapy requirement. The machine is attached to a chair and able to help the patients to conduct continuous repetitive shoulder flexion and horizontal abduction motions [13]. Park et al [24] extended the CPM to be used for mirror therapy for arm rehabilitation.…”

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“…The working principle of this therapeutic tool is to carry out passive and continuous movements. This passive and constant movement aims to prevent the patient from experiencing stiffness in the crank joints [4] [5]. CPM machine is a medical device that has strict quality control, so it does not pose a danger to patients who use the device.…”