Design, fabrication, and performance of integrated miniature SQUID susceptometers

Nanoscale multifunctional sensor formed by a Ni nanotube and a scanning Nb nanoSQUID

“…Up to now, φ μ has been estimated by numerical or analytical calculations, which often rely on strongly simplifying assumptions. 20,21,32 Also, a more advanced routine for calculating φ μ (ê μ , r p ), which takes explicitly into account the SQUID geometry, 22,24 has not yet been validated experimentally.…”

“…Both S and φ μ can be optimized by scaling the SQUID down to nanometer dimensions. [19][20][21][22] Various fabrication techniques, e.g., electron-beam lithography, 23,24 focused ion beam milling, 22,25,26 atomic force microscopy anodization, 27,28 selfaligned shadow evaporation, 29 or a combination of electronbeam lithography with the use of carbon nanotube junctions, 30 have been used to realize nanoSQUIDs.…”

SQUIDs: Principles, Noise, and Applications

“…In this way, the effective electron temperature was reduced to about 50mK when the SQUID was at a bath temperature of 20mK, with a concomitant reduction in E to about 511 . Very recently Ketchen et ill. 33 have achieved a noise energy of about 311 at 0.3K in a SQUID with L = 100pH and C = 0.14pF.…”

Advances in mechanical detection of magnetic resonance

“…The highest sensitivity achieved with a SQUID, to our knowledge, is 40 electron spins/ ͱ Hz with a 3 ϫ 3 m 2 device. 34 The authors report that if they were operating this device at the theoretical thermal limit 35 at 8 K, their sensitivity would be 2.5 electron spins/ ͱ Hz. While SQUID detection exhibits exquisite sensitivity and is generally applicable to nuclear and electron magnetic moments, like optical detection it lacks sufficient spatial resolution to elucidate detailed atomic connectivity.…”