“…Meanwhile, S2p 3/2 and S2p 1/2 peaks with lower intensities deconvoluted at 164.8 eV and 166.1 eV, respectively, could be ascribed to C–S or S–S species on the surface of graphene [ 20 ]. Note that S2p peak, associated with highly oxidized S species (>166 eV), was absent from the high-resolution S2p spectrum of FG-CYS, which implied good stability of the sulfur species formed on the surface of graphene sheets, despite the exposure of functionalized graphene material to the readily oxidized condition [ 21 ]. High-resolution N1s spectrum of FG-CYS ( Figure 3 c), on the other hand, exhibited several peak components including peaks at 400.0 eV, 401.1 eV, 401.7 eV and 402.5 eV, which can be allotted to C–NH 2 , NH 3 + , N–H and C–N + , respectively [ 8 , 18 , 22 ].…”