Design and Modeling for Enhancement of Light Extraction in Light-Emitting Diodes With Archimedean Lattice Photonic Crystals

Abstract

Abstract-Light extraction efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on various photonic crystal (PhC) structures is investigated in this study. By using the plane wave method and the finite element method, the influence of several factors on the enhancement of light extraction is discussed, including lattice type, the density of states from a photonic band diagram, the ratio of cylinder radius and lattice constant, and the thickness of a PHC pattern. Some rules are given for the practical implementation of an optimized PhC-based LED with higher light extraction efficiency. In the simulation results, the maximum enhancement of the extraction efficiency could be by a factor of approximately 2.8 for the optimized Archimedean tiling pattern in the LED device emitting at the center wavelength of 530 nm. However, with the use of optimized PhC structures, the square and triangular lattices reveal enhancements of ∼ 1.7 and ∼ 1.5, respectively. The extraction efficiency of the Archimedean PhC LED is much greater than that of the regular lattice PhC LED.

Photonic Band Structures and Enhancement of Omnidirectional Reflection Bands by Using a Ternary 1d Photonic Crystal Including Left-Handed Materials

“…Such forbidden bands are called Photonic Band Gaps (PBG) which is similar to the electronic band gaps for electrons in semiconductors [8,9]. PCs has many interesting applications such as filters, optical switches, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [10], fibers [11] wave guides [12,13] etc. 1D photonic crystals are dielectric structures which optical properties changed in one direction is called the axis of periodicity, while in two other directions, the structure is uniform [2].…”

Enhancement of Blue Light Emission Using Surface Plasmons Coupling With Quantum Wells

“…The light emission can be strongly improved when the quantum wells (QWs) of LED is surrounded by the materials of different compositions and shapes, as it was predicted by Purcell and later corroborated experimentally [9][10][11]. Theoretical proposals along this direction have been made, and some of them consist in surrounding the QWs by different kinds of dielectrics and metals, such as photonic crystals [12][13][14][15], optical cavity [16], left-handed materials [17], mirrors [18][19][20], etc. Since 1990, surface plasmon (SP) has also received great interests when used in LED [21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Modified Plane Wave Method Analysis of Dielectric Plasma Photonic Crystal

“…Photonic crystal (PC) has attracted much attention since the initial predictions of Yablonovitch and John [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. This active research area has been extended to plasma PC which is expected to obtain more particular characteristics than the conventional one [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”