Design and Implementation of DC Pulsed Power Supply Employing Self-Excited Induction Generators and Flywheels for Toroidal Field Coils of a Tokamak Device, PLATO

A comprehensive state‐of‐the‐art review of power conditioning systems for energy storage systems: Topology and control applications in power systems

“…The pulse-width modulation (PWM) reduces the circulating current to ensure ZVS but it is not suitable for interfacing LV ESS to HV V DC due to extremely high duty ratio. In another study, a multi-stage DC/DC converter is used to drive the multiple induction motor/generator-based FESS [43]. However, it employs the expensive transformer to ensure electrical insulation and voltage boosting.…”

“…The FESS, SC and SMESS have a short‐term energy storage capability (ms to mins), whereas the BESS has a medium‐to‐long‐term energy storage capability (mins to h) [15–17]. This section categorises the popular topologies of the DC/DC, DC/AC and AC/AC converters into DC bus PCS [20–54] and AC bus PCS [55–72] based on the output voltage types at the connected point, as shown in Figure 2. The DC bus PCS ensures the bidirectional transfer of the electrical energy between the ESS source and DC bus.…”

“…With the improvements in the power semi‐conductor switches with a wide band gap (WBG), many topologies of the PCS are now available with reduced total harmonic distortion (THD), smooth output voltage and high efficiency. The configurations of the PCS in ESSs are generally divided into two types based on the output voltage at the connected points: DC bus PCS [20–54] and AC bus PCS [55–72]. First, the former PCS ensures a stable DC bus voltage regulation for the DC‐link or DC grid by charging and discharging the ESS, which uses a DC/DC converter or an AC/DC converter.…”

“…a DC/DC/AC converter or an AC/DC/AC converter). The DC/DC converters used in the PCS of ESSs can be divided into non-isolated [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and isolated [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] converters. Generally, the hierarchical control structure of the energy management of ESS is designed for the PCS.…”

“…This paper provides critical insights by filling the gap about the advancements of the power converter topologies and their control techniques in the PCS employed for BESS, FESS, SC/UC and SMESS in the power system applications. Generally, the PCS of ESSs consists of a combination of power converters, that is, DC/DC, DC/AC, AC/DC and AC/AC converters [20–72]. With the improvements in the power semi‐conductor switches with a wide band gap (WBG), many topologies of the PCS are now available with reduced total harmonic distortion (THD), smooth output voltage and high efficiency.…”