Desenvolvimento infantil: análise de conceito e revisão dos diagnósticos da NANDA-I

Abstract

Child development (CD) is a phenomena related to the most vulnerable period of human development and the most responsive to stimulus and to therapies when they are necessary. Nurses act on the promotion of CD through the guidance of families for attendance of children's essential needs. However, the NANDA-I's nursing diagnoses related to CD are inconsistent, making harder a qualified care planning. Aiming to approach the CD comprehensively in the nursing process, the review of concept and of the nursing diagnoses related to CD was necessary. Objectives: Performing the analysis of concept of the term Child Development; validating the proposed definition for CD; reviewing the NANDA-I's diagnosis about development; submitting the revised NANDA-I's diagnoses to content analysis. Method: Concept analysis according to Hybrid Model was performed in three phases: theoretical phase, including a bibliographic review in scientific databases and books; field phase, which was a qualitative research with professionals who care for children; analytical phase, which included the articulation of data from previous phases and then the analysis according to the Development Bioecological Theory. The definition of CD which was obtained from the concept analysis was validated by experts in a focus group. The data from concept analysis were used for review the NANDA-I's diagnoses. The reviewed diagnoses were undergone to content analysis by judge nurses. Project approved by Ethical Research Committee and supported by FAPESP (Process 2011/51012-3). Results: Through the concept analysis using 256 articles from 12 databases, books, and interviews with 10 professionals, were found the attributes, antecedents, consequences and definitions of the term child development. The antecedents were: aspects related to pregnancy; child intrinsic factors; context-related factors, with highlight on relationships and children's care; social aspects. The CD's consequences were: better quality of life arising from better individual performance, in a most immediate perspective, as well as improve future conquests with possible impact on society. The attributes are child's behaviors and abilities. The definitions corresponded to maturational perspectives, to contextual perspectives or both. The definition elaborated from data analysis and validated for nine theme's experts, expresses the magnitude of the phenomena and presents factors which were not explored by the current definitions, such as the active participation of children during their process of development and care as central in this process. The diagnoses "Delayed growth and development" and "Risk for delayed development", described in NANDA-I, were revised and replaced for "Delayed child development" and "Risk for delayed child development". These diagnoses presented over 80% of concordance in the content analysis by 18 nurses. The new diagnose "Readiness for improved child development" presented 61% of wording concordance, with some disagreements about the terms, but it was not changed because i...

Atención temprana en niños con trastornos del neurodesarrollo

“…(Shonkoff, et al, 2012), siendo el desarrollo infantil un proceso amplio y complejo, el cual incluyendo su relación con el cuidado diario y la influencia del medio ambiente sobre el mismo. Souza (2014) el desarrollo Infantil es un proceso activo y único para cada niño, expresado por la continuidad y los cambios en las habilidades motoras, cognitivas, psicosociales y del lenguaje, con adquisiciones cada vez más complejas en las funciones de la vida diaria y en el ejercicio de su rol social. El periodo prenatal y los primeros años iniciales de la infancia son cruciales en el proceso de desarrollo, lo cual constituye la interacción de las características biopsicológicas, heredadas genéticamente, con las experiencias que ofrece el entorno.…”

Validação clínica do diagnóstico de enfermagem Risco de atraso no desenvolvimento infantil proposto para a taxonomia NANDA-I

“…Este estudo realizou a validação clínica dos fatores de risco do diagnóstico de enfermagem "Risco de atraso no desenvolvimento infantil" (Souza, 2014;Souza, Veríssimo, 2015), mediante avaliação de crianças de zero a três anos de idade na rede básica de saúde, em Catalão, GO, e num serviço de atenção secundária em São Paulo, SP. Em relação às características da amostra, a maioria das crianças era do sexo feminino e menor de um ano, distribuída igualmente entre os dois municípios.…”

“…Porto Alegre: Manole; 2002. (Souza, 2014); (Nash,2013). A capacidade da mãe em satisfazer as necessidades e angústias da criança desde bebê promove a confiança da criança (Laible, 2015).…”

“…Você se sente apoiada pelos profissionais de saúde no cuidado da criança? ( ) sempre ( ) frequentemente ( ) raramente ( ) nunca (Souza, 2014).…”

“…No entanto, foram adotadas estratégias para assegurar os direitos da criança: além do consentimento dos responsáveis, utilizou-se abordagem adequada para a idade e atraumática, com uso de brincadeiras, respeitando as manifestações de cansaço e desconforto da criança, aspectos que garantem a participação sem coerção. identificar as características definidoras e fatores relacionados ou de risco dos três diagnósticos sob estudo(Souza, 2014, Souza, Cruz, Veríssimo 2016.Com intuito de direcionar as pesquisadoras durante as entrevistas e as avaliações das crianças, foi elaborado um manual de orientação para coleta de dados Ao término da entrevista e avaliação do desenvolvimento das crianças, foi realizada a devolutiva sobre essa avaliação. Nos casos em que a Caderneta era portada pelo cuidador, foi feito o preenchimento dos dados antropométricos, das curvas de crescimento e do instrumento de vigilância do desenvolvimento da criança.…”