Desemprego: experiências de transição

Abstract

O trabalho afigura-se como determinante para a saúde psicológica e o bem-estar (Blustein, 2008). Contudo, a actual estrutura do mercado de trabalho é complexa, imprevisível e instável, sendo necessário repensar o significado do trabalho na existência humana. O presente artigo incide, na primeira parte sobre os diferentes tipos de transição (voluntária vs. involuntária), e a diversidade de modos de reacção face ao desemprego, e na segunda parte, são apresentadas algumas estratégias de intervenção, no âmbito do aconselhamento de carreira, concebidas como uma (possível) resposta às mudanças que ocorrem ao nível do emprego.

Integrative review on career interventions with unemployed people: Nature, outcomes, and recommendations

“…It is crucial to consider individual factors, such as sociodemographic variables, and contextual antecedents, including the previous employment situation (Kenny & Rossiter, 2017; Padilla‐Carmona et al., 2016; Tejedor et al., 2016; Whelan et al., 2018). This involves addressing multicultural issues (Murphey & Shillingford, 2012; Kennedy & Chen, 2012) and recognizing the association of unemployment with other vulnerabilities, such as discrimination, deportation, basic skill failure, family discord, and alcohol and drug problems (Kennedy & Chen, 2012; Santos et al., 2010). Prior to the intervention, the participants' needs and available resources (e.g., intervention design methodology, collaboration with schools and vocational guidance entities) should be considered (Tejedor et al., 2016; Whelan et al., 2018).…”

“…References to protean career orientation (Panari & Tonelli, 2022) and to Ryan and Deci's self‐determination theory (2000) and achievement goal theory (Van Hooft & Van Mierlo, 2018) could also be considered (van Hooft et a., 2022). However, the authors emphasize the importance of adopting a contextual‐developmental perspective (i.e., dynamic conceptualization) (Santos et al., 2010). This entails using flexible, holistic, and interdisciplinary approaches that integrate personal and community components (Padilla‐Carmona et al., 2016; Santos et al., 2010).…”

“…However, the authors emphasize the importance of adopting a contextual‐developmental perspective (i.e., dynamic conceptualization) (Santos et al., 2010). This entails using flexible, holistic, and interdisciplinary approaches that integrate personal and community components (Padilla‐Carmona et al., 2016; Santos et al., 2010). To achieve this, a relationally infused career counseling approach (Kenny et al., 2018), incorporating positive psychology, vocational psychology (Littman‐Ovadia et al., 2014), and behavioral principles (Krumboltz et al., 2013) could be employed.…”

“…This approach should not undermine the significance of unemployment. Thus, it is advisable to provide information about the potential physical, psychological, financial, and social effects of unemployment (Santos et al., 2010). By fostering a realistic yet optimistic view of the situation faced by unemployed individuals, it becomes possible to deconstruct dysfunctional narratives and reconstruct a path towards achieving career goals (Drosos et al., 2021; Panari & Tonelli, 2022; Parola & Marcionetti, 2022; Peila‐Shuster et al., 2021).…”

“…It may be important to encourage the establishment of new routines (Blustein & Guarino, 2020) and set realistic objectives (Panari & Tonelli, 2022; Padilla‐Carmona et al., 2016). In practice, individuals should be motivated to make regular plans to socialize, exercise, or engage in hobbies (e.g., joining clubs, initiating conversations, volunteering) (Blustein & Guarino, 2020; Kenny & Rossiter, 2017; Krumboltz et al., 2013; Santos et al., 2010). These types of activities also encourage the development and recovery of social resources, including formal and informal social support (De Cuyper et al., 2019; Fraga, 2013; Kenny et al., 2018; Rezaei et al., 2017; Padilla‐Carmona et al., 2016), as well as community resources (Santos et al., 2010).…”