Globalization creates new opportunities for firms to invest abroad and many economies are making active efforts to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in order to promote economic growth. Decisions to invest abroad depend on a complex set of factors, but the least corrupt countries may attract more foreign direct investment because they provide a more favorable climate for investors. In this paper we investigate the impact of corruption on FDI inflows in 73 countries, over the period 1998-2008. Our results suggest that countries where corruption is lower, the FDI inflows are greater, and so controlling corruption may be an important strategy for increase FDI inflows. Keywords: Corruption, Foreign Direct Investment, economic growth. ¿La corrupción inhibe La inversión extranjera Directa?La globalización ha creado nuevas oportunidades para invertir en el extranjero y muchas economías están haciendo esfuerzos para atraer inversión extranjera directa (IED) con el fin de promover el crecimiento económico. La decisión de invertir en el extranjero depende de un complejo conjunto de factores. No obstante, los países menos corruptos pueden atraer más inversión extranjera directa, ya que proporcionan un clima más favorable para los inversionistas. En este trabajo se investiga el impacto de la corrupción sobre los flujos de IED en 73 países, en el período 1998-2008. Los resultados sugieren que los países donde la corrupción es menor, las entradas de IED son mayores, por lo que el control de la corrupción puede ser una estrategia importante para aumentar los flujos de IED. Palabras clave: corrupción, Inversión extranjera directa, crecimiento económico.
The wealth of an economy is traditionally measured by its level of productivity. However, countries with the highest level of productivity do not always report equal levels of happiness and general wellbeing. In fact, there is no direct relationship between both variables and sometimes less wealthy productive countries report higher levels of happiness. Recent studies and theories are trying to demonstrate that the term happiness has made its way into economics literature as the result of economist dissatisfaction who believe happiness should become a matter of study in the field. Unemployment is one of the most recently researched variables in economics and has a direct relationship with happiness. Potentially some other variables such as autonomy, reliability, and added value of happiness would help researchers to better complete economic analysis via a multidisciplinary perspective.
The wealth of an economy is traditionally measured by its level of productivity. However, countries with the highest level of productivity do not always report equal levels of happiness and general wellbeing. In fact, there is no direct relationship between both variables and sometimes less wealthy productive countries report higher levels of happiness. Recent studies and theories are trying to demonstrate that the term happiness has made its way into economics literature as the result of economist dissatisfaction who believe happiness should become a matter of study in the field. Unemployment is one of the most recently researched variables in economics and has a direct relationship with happiness. Potentially some other variables such as autonomy, reliability, and added value of happiness would help researchers to better complete economic analysis via a multidisciplinary perspective.
O presente artigo analisa os efeitos do custo, da grandeza e da complexidade que o sector público alcançou com o desenvolvimento do Estado de Bem-Estar social e que levou a que um conjunto de países industrializados procedesse à realização de mudanças, mais ou menos radicais, nas estruturas e nas funções do Estado e, em particular, na Administração Pública, pela adopção de novas ideias de gestão, oriundas do sector privado, paradigma conhecido na literatura com a designação de New Public Management.
Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Il presente articolo racchiude la edizione di un antico manoscritto portoghese (Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze), senza titolo, n data, noto come Defenso do Tratado da Rumao do Globo para a Arte de Navegar. Un tempo appartenuto a Cosimo III de' Medici, che a sua volta lo aveva ricevuto in dono dal cosmografo e engenheiro-mor portoghese Lus Serro Pimentel, esso racchiude uno scritto del matematico e cosmografo portoghese Pedro Nunes a difesa, e a seguito delle critiche rivoltegli, delle sue teorie sulle linhas de rumo e, nella fattispecie, di quella legata alla rappresentazione della curva lossodromica sulla sfera, dopo che il medesimo aveva provato come una nave che navigasse alla bussola secondo un angolo di prora costante descrivesse non gi un arco di circolo massimo, come allora si riteneva, quanto una curva intersecante tutti i meridiani sotto uno stesso angolo.
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