Desempenho da alimentação oral em recém-nascidos prematuros estimulados pela técnica treino de deglutição

Abstract

Introduction: Prematurity can affect proper development of a newborn. Purpose: To evaluate performance of oral feeding in preterm infants stimulated by the swallowing training technique. Methods: The study was conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit from March to August 2015. The study was developed as a Times Series Quasi Experiment with 14 preterm newborns (PTNB) with corrected gestational age between 30-36 weeks. The readiness to feed orally protocol for preterm infants (pre and post-swallowing training) was applied. Swallowing exercises were conducted once a day and on average for six consecutive days. Results: Improvement post-stimulation was observed, comparing the preintervention and post-intervention protocol data. Regarding oral feeding skills, 50% of preterm infants were classified as level 4. Oral feeding commenced, on average, 1 day after the end of swallowing training; the gastric tube was removed approximately 7 days after beginning oral feeding. There was a borderline inverse relationship between improvement in the readiness score and transition time from tube to full oral feeding and an inverse relationship between improvement in the readiness score and corrected gestational age. Conclusion: The intervention with swallowing training made it possible to improve feeding skills in 50% of the sample population, starting oral feeding and obtaining exclusive oral feeding in a short period of time, with oral readiness at early gestational ages.

“Mama Vazia” e estimulação oral digital: comparação na transição da dieta gástrica para via oral em prematuros

“…A atuação do fonoaudiólogo na UTINEO é de reconhecida importância sendo recomendada pelo Ministério da Saúde para implantação do Método Canguru com benefícios em relação ao menor tempo de transição da via gástrica para via oral e na maior prevalência do aleitamento materno na alta (Otto et al, 2017).…”

Impacto da intervenção fonoaudiológica na introdução de dieta via oral em recém-nascidos de risco

“…Regarding weight at the time of discharge, GF remained lighter than GC, which can be justified by the fact that the maternity ward where this study was carried out practices the monitoring recommended in the care for low weight NB (24) , the rise is already viable after 1600 g, if there is effective SSB coordination (1,3,(6)(7)(8) , with exclusive breastfeeding (when possible), and, above all, with food for safe OD, which, in this study, was provided from the speech therapy intervention.…”

“…The preterm newborn (PTNB) may present conditions that interfere with oral motor skills, such as physiological and neurological immaturity, respiratory disorders, muscle hypotonia and minimized oral reflexes (1,6) . Thus, to establish a safe OD satisfactory clinical conditions and the adequacy of the organs of the stomatognathic system must be considered (2,3) , with coordination of suction, swallowing and breathing (SSB) functions (1,3,(6)(7)(8) .…”

“…It is considered important to promote the adequacy of the stomatognathic system of the PTNB (2,8,9) , with establishing SBB coordination (1,3,(6)(7)(8) . This coordination occurs in the 34th week of corrected gestational age (CGA), or even earlier, from the 32nd week onwards, if the alertness behavioral state for breastfeeding readiness is present, being important the Speech Therapy intervention (3,6,8,10) .…”

Tempo de Transição da alimentação por sonda gástrica para alimentação por via oral em recém-nascidos pré-termo de uma unidade neonatal do Sistema Único de Saúde

“…Originalmente, os níveis de habilidade foram definidos com o uso da mamadeira 16 , entretanto, optou-se, neste estudo, pela técnica do finger-feeding, pois a instituição em que foi realizada o estudo é participante da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança, e por isso, o uso desse utensílio é criterioso. Assim, semelhante a outro estudo que avaliou os níveis de habilidade oral e também utilizou o finger-feeding 17 , considerando os malefícios do bico artificial, optamos por não expor o RNPT ao uso da mamadeira, garantindo a no sistema gastrointestinal, malformações congênitas, síndromes e infecções do grupo TORSCH. Além disso, foram excluídos os RN com internação social devido a abandono materno ou situação de vulnerabilidade social; RN com contraindicação absoluta ao aleitamento materno e RN que foram a óbito durante o período da pesquisa.…”