Descriptive anatomy of the insertion of the biceps femoris muscle

Abstract

The biceps femoris is the most lateral component of the so-called hamstring muscles. Classically, this muscle's insertion into the head of the fibula has been described but further details of its anatomy have not been universally appreciated. Additional insertions into the crural fascia and tibia have been described. We dissected 56 cadavers paying especially close attention to the insertion of the biceps femoris muscle. The tendon of this muscle was found to have both medial and lateral slips each with an anterior and posterior component. Further, we found an attachment not only into the lateral condyle of the femur but also the popliteus tendon and arcuate popliteal ligament. Our study has found that the tendon of insertion of the biceps femoris muscle is more complex than described previously and suggests that this tendon may be far more important in knee stability based on the multiple attachment sites found. We hypothesize that there may be a synergistic effect between the biceps femoris and the popliteus muscles based on our findings of an additional attachment of the biceps femoris tendon into the popliteus tendon. This study provides new detailed nomenclature for the description of the tendon of insertion of the biceps femoris muscle and indicates that the current description of the insertion of the tendon of the biceps femoris muscle should be revised. The clinician must have a thorough understanding of this anatomy before correct therapeutic maneuvers can be implemented.

Protective mechanisms of the common fibular nerve in and around the fibular tunnel: A new concept

“…Aponeurotic extensions similar to the ones we report here were reported by several authors (Sneath, 1955;Marshall et al, 1972;Terry and LaPrade, 1996;Tubbs et al, 2006) who considered these extensions to be additional insertions for the BF into the crural fascia. However, those authors did not assign a protective function to these extensions to the CFN.…”

Distal tears of the hamstring muscles: review of the literature and our results of surgical treatment

“…[15][16][17] Therefore, it would seem reasonable to advocate restoration of normal anatomy to minimise loss of function and strength.…”

Biceps Femoris Tendon and Lateral Collateral Ligament: Analysis of Insertion Pattern Using MRI

“…The authors tried to find out the various distal insertion patterns of the BFT and LCL using a large number of knee MR images (494). Based on previous studies (2,3,5,7,8), each arm of the BFT could be observed as separate structures in all cases. After analysis of the MR images, the insertion patterns of the LCL and the two arms of the BFT could be grouped into five different types.…”