Dermal Absorption and Disposition of Formulations of Malathion in Sprague—Dawley Rats and Humans

Dary, Curtis C.; Blancato, Jerry N.; Castles, Mark; Reddy, Vijayapal R.; Cannon, Michael; Saleh, Mahmoud A.; Cash, Gordon G.

doi:10.1021/bk-1992-0542.ch015

Cited by 9 publications

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“…Chromatographic analysis of goat and chicken excreta (system A) confirmed the absence of malathion but revealed the presence of MCA, DCA, and DMM. These metabolites are consistent with those previously reported for rat Fukota, 1984, 1985), poultry (March et al, 1956a,b), and humans (Dary et al, 1994) as well as with our own investigations in rat (unpublished results). Analysis of acidic diethyl ether extracts, using the chromatographic conditions described for system A, indicated the absence of malathion at or above the minimum detection limit (MDL, 0.01 ppm eq).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Characterization of Malathion Residues in Dairy Goats and Poultry

Cannon

Reddy

Murrill

et al. 1996

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The chemical nature and magnitude of [ 14 C]malathion residues in the milk, eggs (whites and yolks), fat, liver, kidney, and muscle tissues in dairy goats and laying hens were examined after repeated oral exposure. The level and duration of the dose given to goats were equivalent to 86 ppm on feed for 5 days. Chickens received the equivalent of 28 ppm on feed for 4 days. Radioactive residues were characterized and identified using solvent extraction and chromatography. The parent chemical was not detectable, and immediate metabolites of malathion were not present in any tissues except traces of the mono-and dicarboxylic acid metabolites observed in goat kidney. This observation was consistent with urinary excretion as the major elimination pathway of malathion and immediate metabolites in poultry, laboratory animals, and humans. Extensive degradation and metabolism resulted in the reincorporation of the radiolabel into normal biogenic chemicals in all investigated samples. The products were typical of those derived from the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The products included pyruvate, lactate, lactose, oleic acid, stearic acid, and glycerol. Reincorporation of radiolabel into protein was also demonstrated by the isolation and hydrolysis of casein from milk. It was concluded that ingested malathion was converted to acetate or other volatile fatty acids, metabolized to acetyl-CoA, and then incorporated into the carbon pool.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Characterization of Malathion Residues in Dairy Goats and Poultry

Cannon

Reddy

Murrill

et al. 1996

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Chemomorphic Analysis of Malathion in Skin Layers of the Rat: Implications for the Use of Dermatopharmacokinetic Tape Stripping in Exposure Assessment to Pesticides

Dary

Blancato

Saleh

2001

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Acute Toxicity and Tissue Distributions of Malathion in Ambystoma tigrinum

Henson-Ramsey

Kennedy‐Stoskopf

Levine

et al. 2008

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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The kinetics of the bioaccumulation of malathion (O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate of diethyl mercaptosuccinate) and the biological impact of exposure for tiger salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum, were assessed through exposure to soil surface contaminated with 50 microg/cm(2) or 100 microg/cm(2 )malathion and ingestion of an earthworm exposed to soil contaminated with 200 microg/cm(2) malathion. Malathion and malaoxon burdens in salamanders sampled at different times after exposure(s) were measured by gas chromatography in four tissue/organ subgroups: liver, epaxial muscle, pooled viscera (except the liver and brain), and pooled avisceral carcass (muscle, skin, and bone). The total tiger salamander xenobiotic burdens were calculated from these data. The malathion/malaoxon burden 1 day after exposure was greatest in the avisceral carcass and 2 days after exposure was greatest in the viscera. Bioconcentration and bioaccumulation factors remained less than unity throughout the experiment and did not support the hypothesis of bioaccumulation of malathion in the tiger salamander. Biological impact was assessed with a colorimetric brain cholinesterase microassay. Brain cholinesterase activities in salamanders exposed to malathion-contaminated soil (50 microg/cm(2) or 100 microg/cm(2 )malathion) were suppressed approximately 50-65% and 90%, respectively, compared to unexposed controls. The exposed animals did not exhibit overt clinical signs of malathion toxicosis.

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Dermal Absorption and Disposition of Formulations of Malathion in Sprague—Dawley Rats and Humans

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of Malathion Residues in Dairy Goats and Poultry

Characterization of Malathion Residues in Dairy Goats and Poultry

Chemomorphic Analysis of Malathion in Skin Layers of the Rat: Implications for the Use of Dermatopharmacokinetic Tape Stripping in Exposure Assessment to Pesticides

Acute Toxicity and Tissue Distributions of Malathion in Ambystoma tigrinum

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