Derivatization of carbohydrates for analysis by chromatography; electrophoresis and mass spectrometry

Quality control of sweet medicines based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

“…It is rapid and applicable for aldoses, ketoses and alditols (14,16). Especially when catalyst such as 1-methylimidazole is used, the reaction will be sped up (17,18).…”

“…Methylation analysis traditionally including permethylation-hydrolysis-reduction-acetylation procedures (Figure 4a) and complete permethylation is critical for the correct analysis (16). There are two most commonly used permethylation methods for carbohydrates analysis.…”

“…In Hakomori's method carbohydrates in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is reacted with methyl iodide catalysed by the methylsulfinyl carbanion, which is prepared from sodium hydride (86). Sometimes with modification for the use of methylsulfinyl carbanion made with bases such as potassium hydride or butyl-lithium (16,21,88). Several years later, Ciucanu and Kerek developed a simple, rapid and quantitative procedure used finely powdered sodium hydroxide as base catalyst and DMSO as solvent (87).…”

Recent Developments in Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Glycoprotein Glycans

“…Other hydrophilic phases, such as glass, cellulose, and CN-silica, are also used for removing excess reagents. 66,67 High-acetonitrile conditions, typically more than 95%, are useful in capturing picomole amounts of derivatized oligosaccharides on hydrophilic SPE. A recent investigation into the recovery of small sugar chains (i.e., one to four residues) using polyamide matrix (Discovery DPA-6S) suggested that a slightly higher concentration of acetonitrile (97% vs. 95%) enhances recovery.…”

“…A number of tags have been proposed for reductive amination; 66,86,87 some of these are shown in Fig. 4.…”