Depression and Reasoning Ability in Adolescents: Examining the Moderating Role of Growth Mindset

Abstract

The present two-year longitudinal study aimed to examine the relationship between depression and reasoning ability in adolescents, and further investigated the modulation effect of growth mindset on this relationship. A total of 1,961 and 1,667 Chinese adolescents participated in the study for the first year (T1) and second year (T2), respectively. The results showed that T1 depression was negatively correlated with T1 growth mindset (r = −0.35, p < 0.001), T1 reasoning (r = −0.30, p < 0.001), and T2 reasoning (r = −0.23, p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that T1 depression and the interaction between T1 depression and T1 growth mindset significantly predicted T1 reasoning (β = −0.220/−0.044, all ps < 0.05). After controlling for gender, age, family socioeconomic status, and T1 reasoning ability, both T1 depression and the interaction between T1 depression and T1 growth mindset still significantly predicted T2 reasoning (β = −0.104/β = 0.054, all ps < 0.05). The simple slope analysis found that the negative correlation between depression and reasoning in the high growth mindset group was weaker than that of the low growth mindset group in both T1 and T2, suggesting that growth mindset plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between depression and reasoning. In conclusion, depression was negatively correlated with reasoning ability in adolescents, in addition, growth mindset moderated the relationship between depression and reasoning.

The Effect of Growth Mindset on Adolescents’ Meaning in Life: The Roles of Self-Efficacy and Gratitude

“…17 Conversely, individuals with fixed mindsets tend to embrace nativism, think that their efforts and abilities are difficult to change, think that effort is of little significance and be unwilling to step out of their comfort zones. 18 At present, many scholars claim that this theory is single-dimensional; that is, the way of thinking can change within a cognitive continuum, 19,20 so a fixed mindset is also called a low-growth mindset. 21 Research on growth mindset has produced many results in the field of learning and work, such as being beneficial to middle school students' learning engagement and academic literacy, 22,23 improving individual job satisfaction and achieving career success.…”