Depression among inmates in a regional prison of eastern Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Shrestha, Gambhir; Yadav, Deepak; Sapkota, Nidesh; Baral, Dharanidhar; Yadav, Birendra Kumar; Chakravartty, Avaniendra; Pokharel, Paras Kumar

doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1514-9

Cited by 44 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It is estimated that it was present in at least 50% of the consummated suicides (19,(39)(40) . For both the general population and the FDP, depression is an important risk factor for suicidal ideation, with a positive correlation (10,26,31,(41)(42)(43)(44)(45) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidal thinking, depression, and religiosity in a freedom-deprived population

Ranuzi

Santos

Araujo

et al. 2020

Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem

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Objective: to analyze the influence of sociodemographic variables, prison context, religiosity, and symptoms of depression on the presence of suicidal thinking in a population deprived of liberty. Method: a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted with 228 participants, based on a sociodemographic questionnaire, on the prison context, and on the presence of suicidal thinking, from the Duke Religiosity Scale and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: the variables that showed a statistically significant correlation were the following: female gender, not having a partner, working inside the penitentiary, being a primary defendant and using controlled medication, and females are 7.2 times more likely to present suicidal thinking, for each point more in the depression score, increases by 21% in the chances and not having a partner increases the chances of thinking about suicide by three times. Although the scores of religiosity were high, they did not present a statistically significant correlation with the presence of suicidal thinking. Conclusion: the prison context is complex and contains peculiarities that cause the involvement of mental health problems, as well as self-harming thoughts. Considering the relevance of the subject at issue, this work stands out in view of the scarce scientific production on the subject.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidal thinking, depression, and religiosity in a freedom-deprived population

Ranuzi

Santos

Araujo

et al. 2020

Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem

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“…For example, in a Turkish sample, the psychometric properties (ie, fit indices) of the four-factors structure of CES-D were found to be weak 16. Besides its application to the general population, CES-D was employed in different groups of vulnerable populations, including prisoners in Nepal,17 genocide survivors in Rwanda,18 Eritrean refugees in USA19 and Bosnian refugees 20. It was also used to measure depression among Korean immigrants in Canada 21.…”

Section: Study Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in Eritrean refugees living in Ethiopia

Getnet

Alem

2019

BMJ Open

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BackgroundDepression is among the top mental health problems with a major contribution to the global burden of disease. This study aimed at identifying the latent factor structure and construct validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale.Participants and settingA cross-sectional survey of 562 adults aged 18 years and above who were randomly selected from the Eritrean refugee community living in the Mai-Aini refugee camp, Ethiopia.MeasuresThe CES-D Scale, Primary Care PTSD (PC-PTSD) screener, premigration and postmigration living difficulties checklist, Oslo Social Support Scale (OSS-3), Sense of Coherence Scale (SoC-13), Coping Style Scale and fast alcohol screening test (FAST) were administered concurrently. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to test prespecified factor structures of CES-D.ResultFirst-order two factors with second-order common factor structure of CES-D (correlated error terms) yielded the best fit to the data (Comparative Fit Index =0.975; root mean square error of approximation=0.040 [90% CI 0.032 to 0.047]). The 16 items defining depressive affect were internally consistent (Cronbach’s α=0.932) and internal consistency of the 4 items defining positive affect was relatively weak (Cronbach’s α=0.703). These two latent factors have a weaker standardised covariance estimate of 33% (24% for women and 40% for men), demonstrating evidence of discriminant validity. CES-D is significantly associated with measures of adversities, specifically, premigration living difficulties (r=0.545, p<0.001) and postmigration living difficulties (r=0.47, p<0.001), PC-PTSD (r=0.538, p<0.001), FAST (r=0.197, p<0.001) and emotion-oriented coping (r=0.096, p˂0.05) providing evidence of its convergent validity. It also demonstrated inverse association with measures of resilience factors, specifically, SoC-13 (r=−0.597, p<0.001) and OSS-3 (r=−0.319, p<0.001). The two correlated factors model of CES-D demonstrated configural, metric, scalar, error variance and structural covariance invariances (p>0.05) for both men and women.ConclusionsUnlike previous findings among Eritreans living in USA, second-order two factors structure of CES-D best fitted the data for Eritrean refugees living in Ethiopia; this implies that it is important to address culture for the assessment and intervention of depression.

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“…In Brazil, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview(MINSI) in the sample of 497 prisoners, the prevalence rate of depression found in the closed and semi-open prison systems were 17.6% and 18.8%, respectively [14]. In Eastern Nepal, a cross-sectional study revealed the prevalence of depression among 434 randomly selected inmates was 35.3% [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive disorder and its associated factors among prisoners in Debre Berhan Town, North Showa, Ethiopia

Reta

Getachew²,

Bahiru

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Depression is a commonest mental disorder among prisoners characterized by an intense mood involving a feeling of sadness, lack of interest or hopelessness that lasts for weeks, months, or even longer. In addition to imprisonment, depression is the primary factor leading to suicidal attempt. Therefore, this study revealed the magnitude of depressive disorder and its associated factors among prisoners of Debre Berhan Town. Methods:We conducted an institution based cross-sectional quantitative study. We collected the data from 336 randomly selected prisoners by using interviewer-administered Patient Health Questioner-9 (PHQ-9). Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors.Result: Out of the total of 336 prisoners 330 (98%) were males. Using PHQ-9 at the cut of point >5 for caseness, the prevalence of depression found to be 44% (n=148). Widowed (AOR=6.30 CI: 1.09-36.67), those who are educated at college or university level (AOR=5.34 CI:1.59-17.94), a history of suicidal attempt (AOR=2.76 CI: 1.04-7.31), Previously facing severe stressful life event (AOR=2.57 CI: 1.41-4.67), 5-10 years of sentence (AOR=2.51 CI:1. 32-4.79) and having chronic medical illness (AOR= 3.32 CI: 1. 26-8.75) are found to be independently associated with depression. Conclusion:In general, there is a high prevalence of depression among prisoners in of Debre Berhan town. Therefore, designing strategies for early screening and treatment of depression at prisons is very crucial.

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Depression among inmates in a regional prison of eastern Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 44 publications

References 44 publications

Suicidal thinking, depression, and religiosity in a freedom-deprived population

Suicidal thinking, depression, and religiosity in a freedom-deprived population

Validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in Eritrean refugees living in Ethiopia

Depressive disorder and its associated factors among prisoners in Debre Berhan Town, North Showa, Ethiopia

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