Depression: a major, unrecognized risk factor for osteoporosis?

Cizza, Giovanni; Ravn, Pernille; Chrousos, George P.; Gold, Philip W.

doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(01)00407-6

Cited by 151 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

111

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Hypercortisolism and CRH hypersecretion also lead to inhibition of the reproductive axis and hypogonadism, and decreased activity of GH-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis. 214 Hypogonadism is considered a risk factor for bone loss in both sexes due to rise of osteoclastic activation triggering increased resorption. 215 The GH/IGF-1 axis is an important enhancer of bone formation.…”

Section: Neuroendocrine Dysregulations In Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent review reported that decreased bone mineral density (BMD) is more frequently seen in depressed subjects than in the general population, suggesting that depression is a unrecognized risk factor for osteoporosis. 214 However, a casual link for the association between MDD and osteoporosis remains to be elucidated by prospective studies.…”

Section: Association Between Mdd and Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…214 Cytokines including IL-6, IL-1, TNFa and leptin are important local factors that regulate the bone metabolism. 227 IL-6 is implicated in bone turnover and stimulates differentiation and proliferation of osteoclasts.…”

Section: Association Between Mdd and Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Brain-immune interactions and disease susceptibility

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many studies have established the routes by which the immune and central nervous (CNS) systems communicate. This network of connections permits the CNS to regulate the immune system through both neuroendocrine and neuronal pathways. In turn, the immune system signals the CNS through neuronal and humoral routes, via immune mediators and cytokines. This regulatory system between the immune system and CNS plays an important role in susceptibility and resistance to autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious and allergic diseases. This review focuses on the regulation of the immune system via the neuroendocrine system, and underlines the link between neuroendocrine dysregulation and development of major depressive disorders, autoimmune diseases and osteoporosis.

show abstract

Section: Neuroendocrine Dysregulations In Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Association Between Mdd and Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Brain-immune interactions and disease susceptibility

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since that initial publication, much has been learned about the physiology of bone turnover and how those mechanisms interact with other systems of the body. Numerous studies have demonstrated an association between antidepressant medication use and osteoporotic fracture [2], and it has been suggested that depression may be an unrecognized risk factor for osteoporosis [3]. This article reviews the current evidence regarding comorbidity of depression, low bone mineral density, and fracture, and discusses the unresolved issues regarding these associations, including potential mediating pathways and the potential confounding influence of medications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and osteoporosis: epidemiology and potential mediating pathways

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction-There have been numerous studies examining the association between depression and bone mineral density (BMD), but the underlying nature of this relationship remains unclear. Independent of this association, there is a growing body of evidence that depression impacts the risk for fracture in older adults. This article reviews the current epidemiological evidence regarding comorbidity of depression, low bone mineral density, and fracture.

show abstract

“…Several studies, comparing altogether Ͼ200 patients with major depression and 240 controls, demonstrate a 6-15% lower BMD in the depressed patients. This decrease, which is indicative of osteoporosis, was found in both depressed women and men (1)(2)(3)(4). In most studies, the association between depression and low BMD was reported in patients older than 35-40 years (4-6), an age group targeted by osteoporosis and the associated increase in fracture incidence (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression induces bone loss through stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

Yirmiya¹,

Goshen²,

Bajayo³

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

192

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Major depression is associated with low bone mass and increased incidence of osteoporotic fractures. However, causality between depression and bone loss has not been established. Here, we show that mice subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS), an established model of depression in rodents, display behavioral depression accompanied by impaired bone mass and structure, as portrayed by decreases in trabecular bone volume density, trabecular number, and trabecular connectivity density assessed in the distal femoral metaphysis and L3 vertebral body. Bone remodeling analysis revealed that the CMS-induced skeletal deficiency is accompanied by restrained bone formation resulting from reduced osteoblast number. Antidepressant therapy, which prevents the behavioral responses to CMS, completely inhibits the decrease in bone formation and markedly attenuates the CMS-induced bone loss. The depression-triggered bone loss is associated with a substantial increase in bone norepinephrine levels and can be blocked by the ␤-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, suggesting that the sympathetic nervous system mediates the skeletal effects of stress-induced depression. These results define a linkage among depression, excessive adrenergic activity, and reduced bone formation, thus demonstrating an interaction among behavioral responses, the brain, and the skeleton, which leads to impaired bone structure. Together with the common occurrence of depression and bone loss in the aging population, the present data implicate depression as a potential major risk factor for osteoporosis and the associated increase in fracture incidence.antidepressant ͉ chronic depression ͉ osteoporosis ͉ bone formation ͉ adrenergic signaling

show abstract

Depression: a major, unrecognized risk factor for osteoporosis?

Cited by 151 publications

References 45 publications

Brain-immune interactions and disease susceptibility

Brain-immune interactions and disease susceptibility

Depression and osteoporosis: epidemiology and potential mediating pathways

Depression induces bone loss through stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About