Deposition of tungsten oxynitride nanowires through simple evaporation and subsequent annealing

Abstract

Study of the synthesis of tungsten trioxide nanostructured arrays by tungsten hot filament chemical vapor deposition method and their field emission properties Composition, residual stress, and structural properties of thin tungsten nitride films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering A high density of tungsten oxynitride nanowires was synthesized by ammonia annealing of WO 3 nanowires, which were grown on a tungsten substrate by thermal evaporation of WO 3 powder. The morphology of WO 3 nanowires was not changed upon ammonia annealing at 650°C, although the color of the sample changed drastically. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that the structure of the ammonia annealed nanowires matched well, with a cubic oxynitride, with the structure of W 0.62 ͑N 0.62 O 0.38 ͒. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray spectroscopy also confirmed the formation of the tungsten oxynitride nanowires. Field emission measurements showed a low turn-on field of 4.45 V / m for the WN x O y nanowires, indicating that they can be used as potential field emitters.

Improved resistive switching properties by nitrogen doping in tungsten oxide thin films

“…These peak values are close to the reported values for WO x and nitrogen-doped WO x films [15,16]. The O 1s XPS spectra of the WO x and WO x :N thin films have peak values at 530.37 eV and 530.6 eV, respectively [17]. The N 1s core level spectra of the WO x and WO x :N thin films are also given in the inset of Fig.…”

Conversion of Potassium Titanate Nanowires into Titanium Oxynitride Nanotubes

“…Recently, applications of nanostructured TiN as electrodes for super capacitors and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been reported. − In addition, similarities between the electronic structure of metal nitrides and that of noble metals may lead to comparable electrocatalytic activities. − Thus, due to the high electrical conductivity and low material cost, it is suggested that both TiN and TiN x O y are potential substitutes for noble metals. Conversions of metal oxides into nitrides and oxynitrides were realized by reacting oxides and their precursors with NH 3 , amine, amide, azide and urea. ,− Though the synthetic approaches varied widely, there were limited number of researches about the syntheses of nanosized metal nitrides and oxynitrides, especially in one-dimensional (1D) form. − Only one article reported the fabrication of 1D titanium oxynitride …”

Patterned growth of tungsten oxide and tungsten oxynitride nanorods from Au-coated W foil

“…It is noteworthy that in previous studies of various WN x thin films or nanostructures, a certain amount of oxygen content has been detected from almost all the final materials by XPS and/or elemental analysis, 19,20,26,27 though some of which have been assigned as pure WN x based only on XRD patterns, 19,20 In reality, XRD alone would not be able to see the differences between pure tungsten nitride and tungsten oxynitride.…”

“…24 Mesostructured b-W 2 N nanocrystals with a high surface area of 89 m 2 g À1 have been synthesised from H 2 WO 4 via a temperature programmed reaction with NH 3 at 700 C, reported by Bai and co-workers. 25 Very recently, new techniques have been developed to synthesize 1D nanorods/nanowires of large aspect ratios, 6,26,27 using WO x as the precursor followed by a simple nitridation in NH 3 . However, the growth and control of the alignment of these 1D nanomaterials remain a challenge and require further investigation.…”