Dependence of emission characteristics of Spindt-type field emitters on cathode material

Nagao, Masayoshi; Utsumi, Kyozo; Gotoh, Yasuhito; Tsuji, Hiroshi; Ishikawa, Junzo; Nakatani, Toshio; Sakashita, Tatsuo; Betsui, K.

doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(99)00049-5

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…3,4 We can compare the emission characteristics among the different cathode materials, and also those of the Pt emitters before and after the CO treatment which greatly enhances the emission property. 5,14 Figure 3 shows the SKN plot for different cathode materials.…”

Section: B Spindt-type Field Emittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between work function and current fluctuation of field emitters: Use of SK chart for evaluation of work function

Gotoh¹,

Tsuji²,

Ishikawa³

2001

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena

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The relation between the work function and current fluctuation was investigated for various kinds of emitters: element metals, transition metal nitrides, and diamonds. Since these deposited emitters have no good standard, it is difficult to distinguish the effect of work function and the other physical parameters such as apex radius. In order to distinguish these effects, we propose a unique technique of the SK chart and plotting the Fowler–Nordheim characteristics in the SK chart in accordance with the magnitude of the noise power: SKN plot. The SKN plot clearly exhibits the relation between physical parameters and current fluctuation and it was found that the emitter with lower work function shows lower current fluctuation.

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Section: B Spindt-type Field Emittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between work function and current fluctuation of field emitters: Use of SK chart for evaluation of work function

Gotoh¹,

Tsuji²,

Ishikawa³

2001

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena

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“…However, not so much research on the selection of the cathode material has been reported so far. [10][11][12][13] In the above-mentioned research, materials with low work function, for example, titanium ͑Ti͒ were overcoated on a molybdenum ͑Mo͒ emitter 11,13 or the emitter itself was made of transition metal. 10 There are only a few reports that concern the cathode with a noble metal emitter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron emission properties of Spindt-type platinum field emission cathodes

Gotoh

Nagao

Nozaki

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physics

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Electron emission properties of Spindt-type platinum field emission cathodes were investigated. The current-voltage characteristics together with the current fluctuation during long term operation were evaluated in ultrahigh vacuum. The changes of the emission properties in hydrogen, oxygen or carbon monoxide gas ambient were also investigated. Significant improvement of the emission properties was found when the cathode was operated in carbon monoxide ambient under a certain condition. It was found that the effect of the improvement lasted at least 200 h, and resistance against the oxygen exposure was also improved. The changes of the electron emission properties during long term operation in ultrahigh vacuum and in gas ambient were analyzed with the Seppen-Katamuki chart, of which ordinate and abscissa are slope and intercept of Fowler-Nordheim plot. The electron emission properties were distributed along a straight line in the Seppen-Katamuki chart, and those of the cathode improved by carbon monoxide exposure were distributed along another line. The deviation of the electron emission property in ultrahigh vacuum was considered to be due to change in the geometry of the emitting surface. The major reason for the modification of electron emission properties in carbon monoxide ambient was considered to be deposition of carbon onto the emitting surface, resulting in reduction of the work function. From the deviation of the Fowler-Nordheim characteristics in the Seppen-Katamuki chart, we presented an empirical equation for field emission.

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“…Many improvements and fabrication variations have been reported, such as a high aspect ratio tip (2 µm tall with a 0.6 µm diameter) [4], an extremely small gate aperture of about 0.1 µm [5], and so on. Although Mo metal is commonly used, various metal materials have been used for this type of cathode [6,7,8]. Figure 1 is an SEM image of a Spindt emitter made of Ni.…”

Section: Spindt Emittermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathode technologies for field emission displays

Nagao

2006

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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Technologies for the cathode substrate side of field emission displays (FEDs) are briefly described. In addition to electron emitter technologies, evaluation techniques and ways to improve the emission of field emitters are described in detail because these technologies are important for developing practical applications. FEDs will be commercially available within one or two years, and therefore the next generation FEDs beyond these are discussed. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Dependence of emission characteristics of Spindt-type field emitters on cathode material

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Relationship between work function and current fluctuation of field emitters: Use of SK chart for evaluation of work function

Relationship between work function and current fluctuation of field emitters: Use of SK chart for evaluation of work function

Electron emission properties of Spindt-type platinum field emission cathodes

Cathode technologies for field emission displays

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