Dependence of Arctic climate on the latitudinal position of stationary waves and to high-latitudes surface warming

Shin, Yechul; Kang, Sarah M.

doi:10.1007/s00382-017-3543-y

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A strengthening of the subtropical jet reinforces vertical wind shears, and the enhanced baroclinicity attracts the eddy‐driven jet equatorward (Figures 2b, 2c, 2g and 2h). A stronger SH subtropical jet is associated with an equatorward eddy‐driven jet location, defined as the latitude of the maximum zonal‐mean zonal wind at 850 hPa (Figure S5b in Supporting Information ), consistent with previous studies (e.g., Brayshaw et al., 2008; Shin et al., 2017). That is, the eddy‐driven jet location is dependent on the subtropical jet strength, which in turn depends on the Hadley cell strength.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The periodic Qflux itself neither adds nor subtracts energy from the global system over one forcing cycle, but the global‐mean surface temperature slightly decreases by 0.4 K during the initial 30‐year adjustment period (Shin et al., 2021). This drift occurs because the surface temperature is more sensitive to an imposed cooling than to an imposed warming associated with nonlinear cloud radiative effect (CRE) (e.g., Shaw et al., 2015; Shin et al., 2017). Hence, the first 30‐year is regarded as a spin‐up period.…”

Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Does the High‐Latitude Thermal Forcing in One Hemisphere Affect the Other Hemisphere?

Shin

Kang

2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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Significant progress has been made in our understanding of extratropical impacts on the tropical climate via energetics framework. It is of question whether the impact of extratropical thermal forcing in one hemisphere would extend far into high‐latitudes of the other hemisphere. We examine the possibility of the pole‐to‐pole linkage via atmospheric teleconnections by imposing a cyclic surface thermal forcing in the northern extratropics of an aquaplanet slab ocean model. We reveal a synchronous temperature response between the two poles mediated by zonal‐mean atmospheric dynamics. A warming in one polar region leads to a strengthened Hadley circulation of the unforced hemisphere, fluxing more momentum toward the subtropics, thereby pulling the eddy‐driven jet equatorward. A consequent anomalous descent over the polar region causes warming. The polar surface warming in the unforced hemisphere reaches 30% of that in the forced hemisphere, inferring a significance of the pole‐to‐pole connection.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does the High‐Latitude Thermal Forcing in One Hemisphere Affect the Other Hemisphere?

Shin

Kang

2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…However, nonlinear cloud-radiative feedbacks can cause a significant shift in the zonal-mean ITCZ. 41,42 Furthermore, a given inter-hemispheric forcing can cause an ITCZ shift that varies in magnitude by more than 100% when a convection scheme parameter is tuned in a model in a way that alters the strength of cloud radiative effect. 13,43 Model spread in cloud response is a dominant source for model spread in the ITCZ shift in response to inter-hemispheric forcing.…”

Section: Limitations and Ways Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because the turbulent fluxes require larger SST changes under a colder and drier mean state to balance the prescribed surface heating. 22,42 The contrast may be enhanced in comprehensive models since nonlinear cloud radiative effect changes amplify the forcing in the cooling region. 41 The strengthened (weakened) eddy fluxes in the SH (NH) extract more (less) energy out of the tropics.…”

Section: ∂Ts ∂φmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extratropical forcing and tropical rainfall distribution: energetics framework and ocean Ekman advection

2018

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Intense tropical rainfall occurs in a narrow belt near the equator, called the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ). In the past decade, the atmospheric energy budget has been used to explain changes in the zonal-mean ITCZ position. The energetics framework provides a mechanism for extratropics-to-tropics teleconnections, which have been postulated from paleoclimate records. In atmosphere models coupled with a motionless slab ocean, the ITCZ shifts toward the warmed hemisphere in order for the Hadley circulation to transport energy toward the colder hemisphere. However, recent studies using fully coupled models show that tropical rainfall can be rather insensitive to extratropical forcing when ocean dynamics is included. Here, we explore the effect of meridional Ekman heat advection while neglecting the upwelling effect on the ITCZ response to prescribed extratropical thermal forcing. The tropical component of Ekman advection is a negative feedback that partially compensates the prescribed forcing, whereas the extratropical component is a positive feedback that amplifies the prescribed forcing. Overall, the tropical negative feedback dominates over the extratropical positive feedback. Thus, including Ekman advection reduces the need for atmospheric energy transport, dampening the ITCZ response. We propose to build a hierarchy of ocean models to systematically explore the full dynamical response of the coupled climate system.

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“…However, localized heat removal (Figure 1b) produces stronger SST anomalies than localized heat input (Figure 1a), and dominates the response when both forcings are present (Figure 1f). This asymmetry arises due to nonlinear feedbacks in the surface energy budget (Shaw et al, 2015;Shin et al, 2017) and becomes apparent when the Q-flux perturbations are larger (compare Figures 1a,1b and 1c,1d). This asymmetry will be useful for understanding the Arctic moisture transport responses discussed later.…”

Section: Model Experiments and Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Limited Influence of Localized Tropical Sea‐Surface Temperatures on Moisture Transport into the Arctic

Dunn‐Sigouin

Kushner

2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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Dependence of Arctic climate on the latitudinal position of stationary waves and to high-latitudes surface warming

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

How Does the High‐Latitude Thermal Forcing in One Hemisphere Affect the Other Hemisphere?

How Does the High‐Latitude Thermal Forcing in One Hemisphere Affect the Other Hemisphere?

Extratropical forcing and tropical rainfall distribution: energetics framework and ocean Ekman advection

Limited Influence of Localized Tropical Sea‐Surface Temperatures on Moisture Transport into the Arctic

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