How Does the High‐Latitude Thermal Forcing in One Hemisphere Affect the Other Hemisphere?

Shin, Yechul; Kang, Sarah M.

doi:10.1029/2021gl095870

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…1J ). In particular, the Antarctic sea ice loss is critical for zonal temperature gradient weakening as the southern high-latitude effect reaches the equatorial Pacific through the eastern basin, whereas the northern high-latitude effect extends into the central equatorial Pacific owing to the climatological Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) blocking effect ( 24 , 33 ). In SOM_ICE ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disentangling the mechanisms of equatorial Pacific climate change

et al. 2023

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Most state-of-art models project a reduced equatorial Pacific east-west temperature gradient and a weakened Walker circulation under global warming. However, the causes of this robust projection remain elusive. Here, we devise a series of slab ocean model experiments to diagnostically decompose the global warming response into the contributions from the direct carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) forcing, sea ice changes, and regional ocean heat uptake. The CO 2 forcing dominates the Walker circulation slowdown through enhancing the tropical tropospheric stability. Antarctic sea ice changes and local ocean heat release are the dominant drivers for reduced zonal temperature gradient over the equatorial Pacific, while the Southern Ocean heat uptake opposes this change. Corroborating our model experiments, multimodel analysis shows that the models with greater Southern Ocean heat uptake exhibit less reduction in the temperature gradient and less weakening of the Walker circulation. Therefore, constraining the tropical Pacific projection requires a better insight into Southern Ocean processes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SOM_NA is characterized by a prominent interhemispheric contrast, with a locally amplified and widespread cooling confined to the Northern Hemisphere ( Fig. 2C ), associated with the ITCZ blocking effect ( 24 , 33 ). In contrast to the strong north-south gradient, the tropical Pacific SST response shows little east-west gradient ( Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the mechanisms of equatorial Pacific climate change

et al. 2023

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“…Second, cold meltwater from the continental ice shelf cools the surface ocean (Bintanja et al., 2013; Bronselaer et al., 2018). In addition, the energy budget over the Southern Ocean is also determined by remote forcing from Southern Hemisphere (SH) lower latitudes or even from the tropics and/or Northern Hemisphere (Li et al., 2021; Shin & Kang, 2021). One important and direct method utilized is meridional heat transport (Trenberth & Caron, 2001; Yang et al., 2015) carried by mean flow and eddy activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, Graversen et al (2014) accurately estimated that the surface albedo feedback led by sea-ice loss greatly contributed (40%) to Arctic amplification. Possible Antarctic warming induced by Arctic warming was also discussed by Shin and Kang (2021) via theoretical numerical simulations. In addition, the large heat capacity of the Southern Ocean has been well studied (Huguenin et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2018;Smith et al, 2019) via numerical simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Albedo Feedback, Seasonal Heat Storage and Meridional Heat Transport Determine the Seasonality of Recent Warming in Antarctica

Dai

2024

JGR Atmospheres

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The reanalysis data suggest that recent surface warming over Antarctica start in 2016. In this study, using reanalysis data and numerical simulations, I attempt to determine the important mechanisms accounting for seasonal surface warming in Antarctica. The results suggested that seasonal surface warming in Antarctica is mainly determined by the surface energy budget over the Antarctic via horizontal heat advection. The surface energy budget anomaly over the Antarctic, which is mainly determined by anomalous solar radiation absorption, anomalous ocean heat content, and anomalous meridional atmospheric heat transport (AHT), is triggered by Antarctic sea‐ice loss and thus determines the observational seasonality of recent warming in Antarctica via surface horizontal heat advection. In austral summer (December–January–February), additional solar radiation absorption induced by sea‐ice loss and additional AHT from lower latitudes increase the energy budget over the Antarctic. Surface warming, more longwave radiation, and additional energy stored in the upper (deeper) ocean for short (long) time periods explain the additional energy sinks. During austral autumn‐winter (March–August), additional seasonal heat storage (SHS; mainly stored in the upper ocean) is released to the atmosphere and warms the surface. Although the AHT anomaly contributes similarly to the solar radiation absorption/SHS anomaly during April–August, the poleward AHT largely decreased in June due to the weaker eddy activity induced by strong warming at Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes, which counteracts the additional SHS release and cools the Antarctic(a).

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“…Even local changes in extratropical regions can have noticeable effects in other regions: the tropics (e.g., Kang et al., 2020; Shin et al., 2021) and even the opposite extratropics (e.g., Cabré et al., 2017; England, Polvani, & Sun, 2020; Shin & Kang, 2021). The meltwater‐induced cooling is a representative example of such a global teleconnection, causing a northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)—a narrow band of rainfall near the equator—and global‐wide cooling (Bakker & Prange, 2018; Bronselaer et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and Slow Responses of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to Antarctic Meltwater Forcing

Shin,

Geng,

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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Antarctic meltwater discharge has been largely emphasized for its potential role in climate change mitigation, not only by reducing global warming, but also by stabilizing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Despite the tremendous impact of the AMOC on the climate system, its temporal evolution in response to the meltwater remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the meltwater impacts on the AMOC based on the GFDL CM2.1 experiments and discover its fast weakening and slow strengthening to the Antarctic meltwater discharge. Cold ocean surface caused by meltwater spread throughout the globe and eventually strengthened the AMOC. However, in the early stages, the tropical temperature response could stimulate the Rossby wave teleconnection, modulating atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic, and weakening convection and even the AMOC. This counterintuitive evolution implies a potential destabilizing effect of Antarctic meltwater, underscoring the importance of the atmospheric dynamics in the interaction between the two poles.

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How Does the High‐Latitude Thermal Forcing in One Hemisphere Affect the Other Hemisphere?

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Disentangling the mechanisms of equatorial Pacific climate change

Disentangling the mechanisms of equatorial Pacific climate change

Surface Albedo Feedback, Seasonal Heat Storage and Meridional Heat Transport Determine the Seasonality of Recent Warming in Antarctica

Fast and Slow Responses of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to Antarctic Meltwater Forcing

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