Density measurement of Sn-40Pb, Sn-57Bi, and Sn-9Zn by indirect Archimedean method

Abstract

By the indirect Archimedean method, the density and the density-temperature relationship of the Sn-40Pb eutectic alloy and two Pb-free solders, Sn-57Bi and Sn-9Zn eutectic alloys, were measured from room temperature to about 250°C. The results showed that the density-temperature dependence for each alloy in both solid and melting states can be fitted linearly as ρ S (Sn-40Pb) ϭ 8.51 Ϫ 8.94 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 (TϪ25°C), ρ L (Sn-40Pb) ϭ 8.15 Ϫ 13.8 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 (TϪT m ); ρ S (Sn-57Bi) ϭ 8.54 Ϫ 5.86 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 (TϪ25°C),ρ L (Sn-57Bi) ϭ 8.51 Ϫ 10.9 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 (TϪT m ); and ρ s (Sn9Zn) ϭ 7.22 Ϫ 7.78 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 (TϪ25°C), ρ L (Sn-9Zn) ϭ 6.89 Ϫ 5.88 ϫ10 Ϫ4 (TϪT m ), where the density unit was g/cm 3 . At the melting point, density of the melt of these solders is 8.15 g/cm 3 , 8.51 g/cm 3 , and 6.89 g/cm 3 , respectively. The density decreased 2.6% for Sn-40Pb eutectic alloy during melting, and 2.7% for Sn-9Zn eutectic alloy, but increased 0.5% for Sn-57Bi eutectic alloy. The excess molar volume for these alloys after mixing at their melting point is 0.03 cm 3 /mol for Sn-40Pb, 0.09 cm 3 /mol for Sn-57Bi, and 0.21 cm 3 /mol for Sn-9Zn.

Thermophysical properties of liquid tin–bismuth alloys

“…Considering the eutectic Sn 43 Bi 57 , the data of Moser [32] for the near eutectic composition Sn 46 Bi 54 are also higher. The data of Wang [36] are located just below the present results. The density results of Predel [35] (for Sn 46 Bi 54 ) are the closest to ours.…”

“…It is seen that the density increases with an increase in the bismuth content. Density data of liquid Sn-Bi alloys have earlier been reported in [32,35,36]. The density for the Sn 27 Bi 73 is lower than the q 0 values reported by [32] and higher than the data of [35] for Sn 30 Bi 70 .…”

Ultrasonic-Assisted Soldering of 5056 Aluminum Alloy Using Quasi-Melting Zn-Sn Alloy

“…The density data of Sn-9Zn eutectic alloy were used as the density of the liquid phase. [21] III. RESULTS…”

Reference Correlation for the Density and Viscosity of Eutectic Liquid Alloys Al+Si, Pb+Bi, and Pb+Sn

“…Finally, the measurements of Plevachuk et al, 17 performed in a large-drop instrument, were considered as secondary data, as the authors themselves recognize that their data are lower than all other data. -PbAESn: The low-uncertainty measurements of Khairulin and Stankus, 6 performed in a γ-ray instrument, of Wang and Xian, 18 performed in an Archimedean apparatus, and of Thresh and Crawley, 19 performed in a pycnometer, were all considered as primary data. The measurements of Gebhardt and Kostlin, 20 obtained in an Archimedean apparatus, and of Fischer and Phillips, 21 obtained in a maximum bubblepressure instrument, were also part of the primary data set.…”