Thermophysical properties of liquid tin–bismuth alloys

Plevachuk, Yu.; Sklyarchuk, V.; Gerbeth, Günter; Eckert, Sven

doi:10.3139/146.110357

Cited by 28 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The low melting point alloy Sn 60 Bi 40 serves as model liquid, which has a liquidus temperature of 170°C. The temperature‐dependant material data of that alloy are reported by Plevachuk . The facility operates in the temperature range between 200 and 400°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Cold Liquid Metal Models for Investigations of the Fluid Flow in the Continuous Casting Process

Timmel

Wondrak

Röder

et al. 2014

steel research int.

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The measurement of flow quantities in a real steal caster is still a huge challenging task. Up to now, only some rough velocity information was obtained from casting plants with liquid steel. More insight into the casting process can be achieved by model experiments, which operate with low melting point liquid metals. The advantage of such cold metal laboratory experiments consists in the capability to obtain quantitative flow measurements with a reasonable spatial and temporal resolution. They are therefore an important tool to investigate the flow structure and related transport processes in melt flows relevant for metallurgical applications. We present two experimental facilities for modeling the continuous casting process of steel. The parameters and dimensions of the facilities will be given. LIMMCAST, the bigger setup, is using the alloy SnBi and works at temperatures of 200-4008C. Possibilities for flow investigations in tundish, submerged entry nozzle, and mould will be discussed. Next, the smaller set-up Mini-LIMMCAST will be presented. This experimental setup works with the alloy GaInSn, which is already liquid at room temperature. During the last decade, new measurement techniques have been established for detecting the velocities in liquid metal flows and which are operating in the considered temperature ranges. By this, it is now possible to do experimental investigations for a satisfying characterization of flow quantities in the two models. A selection of results from both experimental setups will be shown. These flow measurements deliver a valuable experimental database being suitable for validation of numerical simulations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Cold Liquid Metal Models for Investigations of the Fluid Flow in the Continuous Casting Process

Timmel

Wondrak

Röder

et al. 2014

steel research int.

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show abstract

“…All components are made from stainless steel. The low melting point alloy Sn60Bi40 is used as model liquid, whose temperaturedependent material data are reported in [9]. The liquidus temperature of 170°C allows for an operation of the facility in a temperature range between 200°C and 400°C.…”

Section: The Limmcast Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent LIMMCAST Results on the Modeling of Steel Casting

Gerbeth

Eckert

Timmel

et al. 2015

Journal for Manufacturing Science and Production

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Model experiments with low melting point liquid metals are an important tool to investigate the flow structure and related transport processes in melt flows relevant for metallurgical applications. We present recent results from the three LIMMCAST facilities working either with room-temperature GaInSn or with the alloy SnBi at temperatures of 200-400°C. The main value of cold metal laboratory experiments consists in the capabilities to obtain quantitative flow measurements with a reasonable spatial and temporal resolution, which is essential for code validation. Experimental results are presented covering the following phenomena: contactless electromagnetic tomography of the flow in the mold, flow monitoring by a multitude of ultrasonic sensors, mold flow under the influence of an electromagnetic brake, injection of argon bubbles through the stopper rod, X-ray visualization of gas bubble two-phase flow in the nozzle and in the mold.

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A Short History of Fusible Metals and Alloys – Towards Room Temperature Liquid Metals

et al. 2022

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Liquid metals are a class of materials with a millennia-long history, albeit until 200 years ago, mostly centered on mercurybased applications. The knowledge of mercury's toxicity and the discovery of it's bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the late 20 th century resulted in phasing out mercury for copious application. Lead-based, bismuth-based, and sodiumbased technology has partially replaced mercury, but due to toxicity or reactivity issues, replacements for lead and sodium are sought. The discovery of indium and, especially, gallium has allowed for the third generation of alloys with a melting point close to room temperature. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the technological developments of fusible and liquid metals, i. e., metals and alloys with melting points below ca. 250 °C, from the early days to current research and industrial application. Special emphasis is focused on important steppingstones and recent developments of gallium-based alloys as well as how they could be used for future applications.

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Thermophysical properties of liquid tin–bismuth alloys

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Use of Cold Liquid Metal Models for Investigations of the Fluid Flow in the Continuous Casting Process

Use of Cold Liquid Metal Models for Investigations of the Fluid Flow in the Continuous Casting Process

Recent LIMMCAST Results on the Modeling of Steel Casting

A Short History of Fusible Metals and Alloys – Towards Room Temperature Liquid Metals

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