Density and X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Jute at Different Stages of Growth

Mukhopadhyay, U.; Mukherjee, Ashmita

doi:10.1177/004051757704700313

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Indeed, the filaments in the mature fibers are firmly cemented, indicating the complete growth of the middle I#mefla ( Figure 3). Other evidence [3,8] shows that though the binding action of the middle lamella is mostly of a physical nature, there is some chemical bonding as well, some of the lignin molecules infiltrating the cellulosic network of the cell walls and forming strong bonds with some of the cellulose chains. This explains many of the features of jute fiber that distinguish it from pure cellulosic fibers such as cotton.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Characteristics of Jute Fibers at Different Stages of Growth

Mukherjee

Mukhopadhyay

1986

Textile Research Journal

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The surface features of jute fibers at various stages of growth were studied. In the early stage, incomplete formation of the middle lamella and collapsing of cell walls occur. Fibrillar orientation in the secondary layer of early stage fibers is helically oriented. The angle of the helix gradually decreases with growth, and after 35 days and onwards, fibrils are almost parallel to the fiber axis.The jute fiber strand is composed of numerous individual filaments that, in turn, consist of overlapping fiber cells joined by incrusting substances. These cells are polygonal in shape and have lumens varying considerably in size and shape. The cell walls of jute can be differentiated as the primary wall, the secondary wall, and the middle lamella, which joins the different cells together.The arrangement of fibrils in the primary and secondary walls of the cotton fibers has been studied in detail by various authors [7], but information about the fibrillar arrangements in different layers of multicellular bast fibers like jute is very limited so far. In a recent paper [2], we have shown that the fibrillar orientation in jute differs somewhat from that of cotton. In the primary layer, the arrangement of elementary fibrils in jute is crisscross, similar to cotton, and the secondary layers in both fibers have their fibrils parallel to the fiber axis. The differenoe between the fibrillar orientation of the two fibers is that, while in cotton a distinct layer, called the S, layer, where the fibrils are helically oriented, can be identified between the primary and secondary layers, no such layer occurs in jute, and only a few helically oriented fibrils are found in the upper portion of the secondary layer.To study how the fibrillar network develops in the fiber, we extended our study of jute fiber in different stages of its growth starting very early when the formation of the secondary layer is just about to start. This paper deals with the surface characteristics of jute fibers at the various stages of plant growth, starting from the 11 th day from the date of the appearance of seedlings and up to maturity, using the scanning electron microscope. Materials and MethodsThe dewaxed jute fibers were studied at different stages of growth: 11 days old, 21 days old, 35 days old, and mature jute fibers. The fibers were treated with 0.5 to 2% NaOH at 25°C for one-half hour and then washed with water to neutral and air dried. The dewaxed mature and early stage fibers were treated with 2 to 5 g/1 H2S04 at 25°C with P-40 as a wetting agent (0.3 g/1) for 30 minutes, followed by neutralization with 0.5 g/1 NaOH and then washed with water and air dried. The fibers from this last treatment were subjected to ultrasonic agitation for 15 to 30 minutes in an aqueous medium. All the fibers were dewaxed before treatment and examination in a 1:2 alcohol + benzene mixture. Results and Discussion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Characteristics of Jute Fibers at Different Stages of Growth

Mukherjee

Mukhopadhyay

1986

Textile Research Journal

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“…This is possibly attributed to the pores and voids in the ber surface consisted grafted molecules during chemical treatments [33][34][35]. From this testing, it was noted that the density of novel ber IV was lower than other natural ber such as jute (14800 kg/m 3 ) [36], sisal (1500 kg/m 3 ) [37], Alfa and Sabra bers (1.40 g•cm −3 ± 0.02) [34], banana (1350 kg/m 3 ) [38], Cyperus pangorei (1102 kg/m 3 ) [39]. Thus, IVs could be the candidate ber reinforcement for composite lightweight.…”

Section: Density Measurementmentioning

confidence: 87%

Extraction and Characterization of Fiber Treatment Inula viscosa Fibers as Potential Polymer Composite Reinforcement

et al. 2021

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This research aims to analyze the newly discovered cellulosic ber from the bark of Dittrichia viscosa, or Inula viscosa (IV), and evaluate the effects of permanganate and alkali chemical treatments on the physical properties to improve the interfacial bonding between Inula viscosa reinforced polymer composites. These permanganate and alkali treatments are both e cacious in helping in reducing hydrophilicity and eliminating impurities from the ber surface, which has been con rmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR). Permanganate-treated IVFs have shown higher tensile strength and interfacial stress resistance (IFFS) than alkaline IVFs, and untreated IVFs by tensile and droplet tests. The different characteristics were studied and compared with other bark bers already available. It is estimated that the ber treatments will enable high-quality IVF-reinforced polymer composites for use in the industry.

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“…Evidence suggests that there are two binding mechanisms of the middle lamella-physical and chemical bonding. Some of the lignin molecules infiltrate the cellulosic network of the cell walls and form strong bonds with some of the cellulose chains [30][31]. This explains why it is hard to remove the lignin during the bleaching process.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Structural Changes in Jute Fibers after Peracetic Acid Treatment

Duan

2017

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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Peracetic acid (PAA) is one of the most commonly used bleaching agents in the textile industry. The structural changes of jute fibers after PAA treatment are important in creating industrial applications. An investigation was carried out to determine the structural changes resulting from the removal of noncellulosic materials from jute fibers by PAA. The surface features of jute fiber were studied using a scanning electron microscope. PAA was effective in separateingindividual cellulose fibers from raw jute. However, fibers were damaged when the treatment time reached 80 minutes, PAA concentration was 10 wt. % and the pH was in the 4~5 range. The delignification by PAA treatment was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. CP/MAS 13 C-NMR spectroscopy showed that the PAA did cause some macromolecular structure changes in the cellulose fibers. X-ray diffraction technique demonstrated that there were four stages of crystallinity change, due to the removal of noncellulosic materials. These four stages include attack at the surfaces of cellulose crystallites, the dissolution of amorphous zones, attack of the inner cellulose crystallite and oxygen interference, respectively.

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Density and X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Jute at Different Stages of Growth

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Surface Characteristics of Jute Fibers at Different Stages of Growth

Surface Characteristics of Jute Fibers at Different Stages of Growth

Extraction and Characterization of Fiber Treatment Inula viscosa Fibers as Potential Polymer Composite Reinforcement

Analysis of Structural Changes in Jute Fibers after Peracetic Acid Treatment

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