Dengue disease diagnosis: A puzzle to be solved

Abstract

<p>Dengue is an infection caused by dengue virus and is the most<br />important arthropod transmitted viral disease in the world,<br />causing near 100 million cases and 50 000 fatalities each year.<br />Health authorities believe that these numbers will grow in<br />coming years. In Colombia, almost 600 municipalities are in<br />regions with Aedes aegypti circulation, and the presence of four<br />dengue serotypes has been demonstrated. Despite the increasing<br />knowledge about disease pathogenesis and the dengue virus,<br />some technical or scientific difficulties with diagnosing dengue<br />remain, negatively affecting both public health surveillance<br />and the appropriate attention to patients in health settings and<br />hospitals. This paper reviews the principles and developments<br />of the current diagnostic techniques for dengue, pointing out<br />the difficulties with making accurate dengue diagnoses and case<br />confirmations in public health and specialized laboratories. The<br />principles and limitations of MAC-ELISA, IgG serology, viral<br />NS1 detection and viral isolation by cell culture are presented.<br />In addition, the review of immunochromatography techniques<br />(rapid diagnostic tests) that have been put forward to help the<br />point-of-care diagnosis is proposed. This paper is intended to<br />bring forward some points of view about the issues related to<br />dengue diagnosis and contribute to improve the discussion<br />surrounding the strategies and techniques needed for reducing<br />the impact of the disease and favoring its control.</p>

Sustainable, healthy cities: protocol of a mixed methods evaluation of a cluster randomized controlled trial for Aedes control in Brazil using a community mobilization approach

“…1 and 2). The seroprevalence baseline and follow-up surveys will occur yearly (for 3 years), 5 months after the rainy season peak to allow the maximum levels of IgG to be reached without residues of other immune reactions to cross-react [50]. A baseline entomological survey will occur in rainy season, the same period as the household questionnaire.…”

COESA - Sustainable, healthy cities: Protocol of a mixed methods evaluation of a cluster randomized controlled trial for Aedes control in Brazil using a community mobilization approach

“…Household visits for the questionnaire will occur at dry season and rainy season baseline and at endline (Figures 1 & 2). The seroprevalence baseline and follow-up surveys will occur yearly (for three years), five months after the rainy season peak to allow the maximum levels of IgG to be reached without residues of other immune reactions to cross-react [53]. A baseline entomological survey will occur in rainy season, the same period as the household questionnaire.…”

Endothelial Dysfunction, HMGB1, and Dengue: An Enigma to Solve

“…For example, during the early phase of the disease, dengue can be confused with the common cold or present with symptoms similar to influenza, zika, chikungunya, yellow fever, or malaria infections, among others [29]. In addition, the signs and symptoms of the disease are dynamic and depend on viremia and the immune response related to the production of specific antibodies against DENV, which may vary depending on the patient's infection history with DENV [30]. Approximately a quarter of patients develop severe forms of the disease, which are life-threatening and typically occur during the so-called severe dengue (SD) (previously called hemorrhagic dengue, DHF, and dengue shock syndrome, DSS).…”