Demineralization effects of 10 percent carbamide peroxide

McCracken, Michael S.; Haywood, Van B.

doi:10.1016/0300-5712(95)00113-1

Cited by 178 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…14,15 McCracken and Haywood 16 reported Ca loss from human enamel exposed to 10% CP. Using electron probe microanalysis, Potocnik and others 17 demonstrated that 10% CP decreased the concentration of Ca as well as the average Ca:P value of all bleached enamel samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analysis of Enamel and Dentin Following the Application of Three Different At-home Bleaching Systems

Cakir¹,

Korkmaz²,

Fırat³

et al. 2011

Operative Dentistry

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Bleaching procedures with different concentrations of carbamide peroxide may influence the chemical composition of enamel and dentin. SUMMARYPurpose: To determine the change in the chemical composition of enamel and dentin as well as to evaluate the differences in surface texture of the same dental hard tissues following three at-home bleaching systems in vitro.Methods: Sixty extracted intact human anterior teeth were used in this study. Thirty teeth were used as samples for enamel, and the buccal surfaces of the remaining 30 teeth were abraded and used as dentin samples. Prior to bleaching treatments, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), fluoride (F), and oxygen (O) levels of each sample were measured using an energy dispersive spectrometer. The teeth were then randomly allocated into three groups according to the bleaching system used, as follows: GI, 10% carbamide peroxide (CP); GII, 20% CP; GIII, and 35% CP. Following the bleaching treatments, Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, F, and O measurements were repeated. The surface configurations were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank and Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by the Dunn test.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analysis of Enamel and Dentin Following the Application of Three Different At-home Bleaching Systems

Cakir¹,

Korkmaz²,

Fırat³

et al. 2011

Operative Dentistry

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“…For the bleaching agent treatment, a graduated syringe was used to apply 0.02 ml of bleaching agent on the enamel surface of each specimen 6,12,15 at 37ºC.…”

Section: Bleaching Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro evaluation of human dental enamel surface roughness bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide and submitted to abrasive dentifrice brushing

Worschech

Rodrigues

Martins

et al. 2003

Pesqui. Odontol. Bras.

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The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface roughness of human enamel bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide at different times and submitted to different superficial cleaning treatments: G1 - not brushed; G2 - brushed with fluoride abrasive dentifrice; G3 - brushed with a non-fluoride abrasive dentifrice; G4 - brushed without dentifrice. Sixty fragments of human molar teeth with 4 x 4 mm were obtained using a diamond disc. The specimens were polished with sandpaper and abrasive pastes. A perfilometer was used to measure roughness average (Ra) values of the initial surface roughness and at each 7-day-interval after the beginning of treatment. The bleaching was performed on the surface of the fragments for 1 hour a week, and the surface cleaning treatment for 3 minutes daily. The samples were stored in individual receptacles with artificial saliva. Analysis of variance and the Tukey test revealed significant differences in surface roughness values for G2 and G3, which showed an increase in roughness over time; G1 and G4 showed no significant roughness differences. The bleaching with 35% carbamide peroxide did not alter the enamel surface roughness, but when the bleaching treatment was performed combined with brushing with abrasive dentifrices, there was a significant increase in roughness values.

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“…Some studies have demonstrated surface deterioration, formation of defects on the surface and porosity in electron microscope studies, and decreases in enamel hardness. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Therefore, the patient's oral hygiene procedures during the bleaching period can have a substantial role in creating subsequent complications, including tooth hypersensitivity. One study demonstrated that brushing teeth bleached with 10% carbamide peroxide using abrasive toothpastes increases enamel surface roughness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Delaying Toothbrushing During Bleaching on Enamel Surface Roughness: An In Vitro Study

Navimipour

Mohammadi

Mostafazadeh

et al. 2013

Operative Dentistry

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SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the effect of toothbrushing on enamel surface roughness at three different intervals after daily bleaching treatment. Eighty enamel slabs were initially evaluated for surface roughness and then randomly divided into four groups. The bleaching procedure was carried out for 21 days, six hours daily. In the control group (group 1), the specimens were not brushed after bleaching, but in groups 2–4, they were brushed with toothpaste immediately, one hour, or two hours after bleaching, respectively. Then the specimens were stored in artificial saliva. Enamel surface roughness was reevaluated at the end of the period. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests showed statistically significant differences in the means of surface roughness values between the immediately brushed group and the three other groups (p<0.001). Daily toothbrushing immediately after bleaching increased enamel surface roughness; however, postponing the procedure for one or two hours after daily bleaching and exposing the specimens to artificial saliva during the study period resulted in enamel surface roughness comparable to that of the control group.

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Demineralization effects of 10 percent carbamide peroxide

Cited by 178 publications

References 5 publications

Chemical Analysis of Enamel and Dentin Following the Application of Three Different At-home Bleaching Systems

Chemical Analysis of Enamel and Dentin Following the Application of Three Different At-home Bleaching Systems

In vitro evaluation of human dental enamel surface roughness bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide and submitted to abrasive dentifrice brushing

Effect of Delaying Toothbrushing During Bleaching on Enamel Surface Roughness: An In Vitro Study

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