Chemical Analysis of Enamel and Dentin Following the Application of Three Different At-home Bleaching Systems

Abstract

Bleaching procedures with different concentrations of carbamide peroxide may influence the chemical composition of enamel and dentin. SUMMARYPurpose: To determine the change in the chemical composition of enamel and dentin as well as to evaluate the differences in surface texture of the same dental hard tissues following three at-home bleaching systems in vitro.Methods: Sixty extracted intact human anterior teeth were used in this study. Thirty teeth were used as samples for enamel, and the buccal surfaces of the remaining 30 teeth were abraded and used as dentin samples. Prior to bleaching treatments, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), fluoride (F), and oxygen (O) levels of each sample were measured using an energy dispersive spectrometer. The teeth were then randomly allocated into three groups according to the bleaching system used, as follows: GI, 10% carbamide peroxide (CP); GII, 20% CP; GIII, and 35% CP. Following the bleaching treatments, Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, F, and O measurements were repeated. The surface configurations were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank and Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by the Dunn test.

Effect of Hydrogen and Carbamide Peroxide in Bleaching, Enamel Morphology, and Mineral Composition: In vitro Study

“…Some authors have obtained results similar to our own. 8,59,60 Attention is drawn to the fact that there was a lesser decrease in Ca and P in group CP28 vs group CP14. The only explanation we can offer for this result is the remineralization effect caused by longer immersion (2 weeks) of the specimens in group CP28 in the daily replaced artificial saliva solution.…”

Dental bleaching agents with calcium and their effects on enamel microhardness and morphology

“…The manufacturers do not provide all components of the formulations. [2][3] . Some bleaching gels are presented in low pH solutions to ensure the stability of hydrogen peroxide, so these bleaching solutions with acidic pH, may promote microstructure and chemical changes in the enamel 3 .…”

“…Assuming that enamel is mainly composed by calcium, phosphorus, oxygen and carbon Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , in vitro assays designed to identify these components are desirable to reveal possible alterations of enamel's chemical structure. Some studies showed that dental bleaching alters the enamel chemically and have shown decreased calcium values in enamel [5][6]8 .…”

Neuroprotective potential of Aframomum melegueta extracts on brain of monosodium glutamate-treated wistar albino rats

“…(f) Assay of DPPH radical scavenging activity: Assay of 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of MEAM was carried out according to a procedure based on the methods of Blois (1985) as reported by Cakir et al (2011) and Bode and Oyedapo (2011). The percentage free radical scavenging activities of the standard and MEAM were calculated using the percentage inhibition of DPPH.…”