Deltamethrin and cypermethrin resistance status of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from six agro-climatic regions of India

Sharma, Anil Kumar; Kumar, Rinesh; Kumar, Sachin; Nagar, Gaurav; Singh, Nirbhay Kumar; Rawat, Sumer Singh; Dhakad, M.L.; Rawat, Ajay Kumar Singh; Ray, Deb Prasad; Ghosh, Srikant

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.03.050

Cited by 140 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…(B.) microplus (Singh et al 2010Sharma et al 2012;Kumar et al 2013). The development of resistance leads to decrease in efficacy of the drug as reported by the end users from this part of the country thus compelling them to shift to other effective drug class particularly formamidines (amitraz) for control of ticks mainly due to its easy availability and on field cost effectiveness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(B.) microplus (Chaudhary and Naithani 1964; Khan and Srivastava 1977;Basu and Haldar 1997;Singh et al 2010Singh et al , 2012Singh et al , 2013bKumar et al 2011Kumar et al , 2013Sharma et al 2012). However, reports of development of resistance in multi host tick H. a. anatolicum are limited (Sangwan et al 1993;Shyma et al 2012;Singh et al 2013a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, the application of the acaricides is poorly supervised, resulting in economic problems produced by phenomenon such as acaricide resistance (Rodriguez Vivas et al 2007). Although, there is a lot of information available on acaricidal resistance in one host cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Singh et al 2010Kumar et al 2011Kumar et al , 2013Sharma et al 2012), limited studies had shown the presence of resistance in H. a. anatolicum in India (Sangwan et al 1993;Shyma et al 2012;Singh et al 2013a) despite the fact that it is one of the major ticks infesting livestock of the country. Hence, the current study was undertaken to detect the development of resistance against commonly used acaricides viz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of acaricidal resistance in Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum from Banaskantha district, Gujarat

et al. 2013

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The resistance status in Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum collected from Banaskantha district, Gujarat (India) was estimated by larval packet test (LPT) with different concentrations of amitraz (125, 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 ppm) and cypermethrin (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm). The regression graphs of mean mortality of larvae ticks were plotted against values of progressively increasing concentrations of amitraz and cypermethrin for the estimation of LC 95 values and were determined as 1,529.39 and 351.84 ppm, respectively. Further a resistance of level I was determined against cypermethrin whereas, a comparatively higher resistance level (II) was recorded against amitraz. The current study appears to be the pioneer report of amitraz and cypermethrin resistance in H. a. anatolicum from the Gujarat state, India.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of acaricidal resistance in Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum from Banaskantha district, Gujarat

et al. 2013

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“…AIT was conducted according to the method of Sharma et al (2012) with minor modifications. Briefly, the pre weighed engorged females of R.…”

Section: Adult Immersion Test (Ait)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…microplus from various parts of the country (Chaudhary and Naithani 1964;Basu and Haldar 1997;Singh et al 2010;. Recently, large scale resistance to organophosphate (OP) compound diazinon (Kumar et al 2011) and synthetic pyrethroids (SP) particularly cypermethrin and deltamethrin (Sharma et al 2012) has been experimentally validated in Indian isolates of R. (B.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of amitraz resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus from North Gujarat, India

Singh

Gelot²,

Kumari

et al. 2013

J Parasit Dis

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Amitraz has become one of the most extensively used chemical acaricide for control of cattle tick due to development of resistance against most of the organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroid acaricides. The resistance status of amitraz was evaluated against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from Banaskantha district, Gujarat, India by adult immersion test (AIT). The different concentrations of amitraz utilized in the AIT were 125, 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 ppm. The adult female ticks showed an upward trend in the mortality percentage with increase in drug concentration. The regression graph of probit mortality of ticks plotted against log values of progressively increasing concentrations of amitraz was utilized for the determination of slope of mortality which was 1.868 ± 0.2068. The lethal concentration (LC 95 ) was calculated as 3098.2 ppm and the RF was 24.78 which indicated level II resistance status. The dose response curves for egg masses, reproductive index and inhibition of oviposition of R. (B.) microplus were also validated and the slope was -0.5165 ± 0.08287, -0.1328 ± 0.04472 and 24.22 ± 8.160, respectively. The current study appears to be the pioneer report of amitraz resistance in R. (B.) microplus from India and the data generated could be of immense help to develop effective control strategies against ticks.

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Acaricidal activity of Cymbopogon winterianus, Vitex negundo and Withania somnifera against synthetic pyrethroid resistant Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

et al. 2013

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Detection of resistance levels against cypermethrin and deltamethrin, the most commonly used synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from Moga, Punjab (India) was carried out using larval packet test. Results indicated the presence of resistance of level I and III against cypermethrin (resistance factors (RF) = 4.67) and deltamethrin (RF = 34.2), respectively. Adult immersion test was used to assess the acaricidal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of Cymbopogon winterianus, Vitex negundo, and Withania somnifera along with roots of V. negundo against the SP resistant engorged females of R. (B.) microplus. The efficacy of various extracts was assessed by estimation of percent adult mortality, reproductive index (RI), percent inhibition of oviposition (%IO), and hatching rate. A concentration dependent increase in tick mortality was recorded which was more marked with various ethanolic extracts, and highest mortality was recorded in ticks treated with ethanolic extract of leaves of C. winterianus. The LC50 values were determined by applying regression equation analysis to the probit transformed data of mortality for various aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Acaricidal property was recorded to be higher in ethanolic extracts, and high activity was found with the ethanolic extract of leaves of C. winterianus with LC50 (95% CL) values of 0.46% (0.35-0.59%), followed by W. somnifera as 5.21% (4.45-6.09%) and V. negundo as 7.02% (4.58-10.74%). The egg mass weight of the live ticks treated with different concentrations of the various extract was significantly (p < 0.01) lower than that of control ticks; consequently, the RI and the %IO value of the treated ticks were reduced. Further, complete inhibition of hatching was recorded in eggs laid by ticks treated with ethanolic extracts of leaves of V. negundo and aqueous extracts of leaves of W. somnifera. The results of the current study indicate that extracts of C. winterianus, V. negundo, and W. somnifera can be used for the control of SP resistant ticks.

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Deltamethrin and cypermethrin resistance status of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from six agro-climatic regions of India

Cited by 140 publications

References 20 publications

Detection of acaricidal resistance in Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum from Banaskantha district, Gujarat

Detection of acaricidal resistance in Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum from Banaskantha district, Gujarat

Detection of amitraz resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus from North Gujarat, India

Acaricidal activity of Cymbopogon winterianus, Vitex negundo and Withania somnifera against synthetic pyrethroid resistant Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

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