Delivery of microbial indicator organisms to coastal waters from catchment sources

Wyer, Mark D.; Kay, David; Dawson, Helen M.; Jackson, Gerry F.; Jones, F.; Yeo, Janette; Whittle, John

doi:10.1016/0273-1223(96)00188-6

Cited by 24 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…It is verified that there is a wide diversification of the sources of water pollution, which ranges from domestic and wild animal faeces, confined or not, human faeces and failures in the local wastewater treatment system (Wyer et al, 1996; Jones and Obiri-Dans, 1998; Goss and Richards, 2008). In the present systematic review, it was found that the C. hominis species was isolated in four surface waters (Daniels et (Thompson, 2004), being that these were not isolated in waters of rural regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water for Human Consumption in Rural Areas Worldwide: A Systematic Review of the Presence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp.

da Silva,

de Sousa,

Scalize

2023

J. Ecol. Eng.

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Reports of gastrointestinal disease outbreaks caused by pathogenic protozoans in rural areas are still small in numbers. This study has evaluated, at global level, the parasitological contamination by Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp., of water resources used as sources for human consumption in rural areas, spanning from 1994 to 2022. For such, a systematic review was conducted, following the PRISMA guidelines, applying a descriptive and statistical analysis to the data. A total of 29 eligible articles reported contamination in 90 different springs spread throughout six continents. It was possible to see a greater tendency of giardiasis outbreak occurrences in water coming from surface springs in countries with higher HDI (above 0.8), justified by the lack of data in countries with other HDIs. The water sources intended for human supply in rural areas are susceptible to parasitological contamination, especially in Asia and Oceania. In spite of the fact that there have been no reports regarding giardiasis outbreaks in the reviewed studies, it is important to notice that the concentration of pathogens may have been greater due to the low recovery of the methods of detection. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct more studies about the contamination of water resources in rural areas, as well as the adoption of prevention measures regarding waterborne diseases, such as boiling water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%