Deleterious effects of cypermethrin on rat liver and kidney: Protective role of sesame oil

Abstract

The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the toxicity of various pesticides. Our study was designed to investigate the induction of oxidative stress by cypermethrin; a Type II pyrethroid in rat liver and kidney. In addition, the protective role of sesame oil against the toxicity of cypermethrin was investigated. Animals were divided into four equal groups; the first group used as control while groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with sesame oil (5 mL/kg b.w), cypermethrin (12 mg/kg b.w) and the combination of both sesame oil (5 mL/kg b.w) plus cypermethrin (12 mg/kg b.w), respectively. Rats were daily administered with their respective doses for 30 days by gavage. Repeated oral administration of cypermethrin was found to reduce the level of glutathione (GSH) and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. While, the level of TBARS was elevated indicating the presence of oxidative stress. The activities of LDH, AST and ALT were decreased in the liver extract while increased in the plasma of the cypermethrin-treated group. Also, the levels of urea and creatinine were significantly increased after treatment with cypermethrin. Liver and kidney injury was confirmed by the histological changes. In conclusion, the administration of sesame oil provided significant protection against cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress, biochemical changes, histopathological damage and genomic DNA fragmentation.

Genetic and histopathological alterations induced by cypermethrin in rat kidney and liver: Protection by sesame oil

“…The protective group (SO plus cypermethrin) was administered cypermethrin (12 mg/kg b.w) with SO (5 mL/kg/ day) for 28 days. The dose of SO and CYP was determined based on studies of Abdou et al, 8 and Hussien et al, 12 At the end of the experimental procedures, all rats were anesthetized using diethyl ether after overnight fasting, and blood was collected for serum extraction. Liver and kidney tissues were taken on formalin for histopathology and on TriZol for RNA extraction and gene expression (RT-PCR).…”

Hepatoprotective Effect ofCitrus limonFruit Extract against Carbofuran Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats

“…Major detoxification of various drugs and chemicals occurs in the liver, and the intermediate metabolites get accumulated in the liver cells, which may be responsible for oxidative stress into hepatocytes [16]. The chronic and acute exposure of carbofuran has been reported to cause perturbations into the levels of enzymes such as aminotransaminases, glutamate dehydrogenase, and glycogen phosphorylase (a and b) as well as other biomolecules including protein, amino acids, ammonia, and glycogen from rat liver and muscles [14].…”

Cannabinoid receptor type 2 agonist JWH-133 deteriorates the liver toxicity induced by cypermethrin

“…Studies have shown that oxidative tissue damage occurs in rats and mice exposed to pyrethroids (30,31). An increase in MDA level and a decrease in GPx and SOD activities in liver damage caused by CYP have been reported (7,8). These results are similar to results obtained from rats in group 2.…”

“…In previous studies, it has been found that serums LDH, ALP, AST, and ALT activity increases in CYPtreated rats (5,7,8). Aldana et al (5) reported that hepatic enzymes had risen until the 5th day and subsequently began to fall in rats given CYP for 7 days.…”

“…There is an increasing amount of evidence suggesting toxic effects on nontarget organisms in chronic exposure of CYP (5,6). Several studies have shown that CYP causes oxidative stress, biochemical changes such as increase in activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); elevation in levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a decrease in activities of the antioxidant enzymes (7,8), and histopathological changes such as vacuolar degeneration, enlarged sinusoid, vacuole formation in hepatocytes, pleomorphism in the nucleus, congestion, necrosis, hepatocellular hypertrophy, multinucleated hepatocytes, mononuclear cell infiltration (MCI), and increase in Kupffer cell numbers (2,6). Marijuana or cannabis, whose main active ingredient is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, activates two G proteincoupled membrane receptors, named CB1 and CB2 (9)(10)(11).…”