Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing. A review

Abstract

Delayed hypersensitivity skin testing is based on the reaction that occurs in response to the intradermal injection of an antigen. The technique, interpretation, and pitfalls of interpretation of delayed hypersensitivity skin testing are presented. The histologic findings and immunologic mechanisms characterizing this form of immunologic response are discussed. The diagnostic and clinical importance of reactivity to recall skin test batteries, common microbial antigens, dinitrochlorobenzene, and tumor-associated antigens is also discussed.

Regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 gene expression in response to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene in RAW 264.7 cells

“…Skin sensitizers, such as, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and metal allergen nickel sulfate, provoke delayed hypersensitivity responses (1). For example, the repeated topical application of DNFB evokes a contact hypersensitivity reaction and induces a shift in the cutaneous cytokine milieu from a Th1 to a Th2 profile (2,3), which could be induced by alterations in local cytokine levels, augmented eosinophil recruitment, or allergic inflammation.…”

Evaluation of Delayed-Type Hyper Sensitivity Skin Test In CKD Patients: Significance of Candin Test

“…Available studies reported that antigens of Candida albicans are useful in the assessment of diminished cellular immunity in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus, moreover responses to DTH antigen [15,16] have also reported to have prognostic values in patients with cancer [17] but it is for the first time Candin antigen has been used in CKD patients to assess DTH response with encouraging results; hence the matter needs further research.…”

Hipogamaglobulinemia como fator de risco para infecção por Cryptococcus neoformans: a propósito de dois casos

“…Entretanto, em ambos os pacientes observou-se resposta parcial aos testes cutâneos com antígenos comuns e ausência de resposta ao teste com DNCB, caracterizando alteração funcional ou qualitativa da imunidade celular. O teste com DNCB é de grande importância, pois a resposta ao mesmo não necessita de exposição prévia, acontecendo reação do tipo dermatite de contato em 95% dos indivíduos com imunidade celular preservada 1 . A alteração constatada está de acordo com a observação prévia de que defeitos na imunidade mediada por células foram encontrados em até metade dos indivíduos portadores de hipogamaglobulinemia 2 23 .…”