Dehydration of Castor Oil

Abstract

The process as described with some probable refinements should be readily adaptable to a commercial operation. Production of dinitriles and diamines from oils other than crambe is already conducted on a plant scale. Other operations in the process are not expected to introduce any serious operating problems. AcknowledgmentsThe authors acknowledge the technical assistance of T h e mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products n o t mentioned.Castor oil is dehydrated using sodium bisulfate to yield high conjugation values. Alcohol extracts of the products are isolated to determine mechanism sequence fission products and cis/trans isomers.

Castor oil as a potential renewable resource for the production of functional materials

“…The presence of carboxylic group for example, allow transformation of castor oil via several reactions such as esterification, amidation [13,16,18] whereas the presence of a double bond, affords the transformation of the oil through reactions such as hydrogenation [16,19], carbonylation [20] and epoxidation [21]. Furthermore, the hydroxyl functional group can be acetylated [21,22] alkoxylated [23,24] or removed by dehydration [25,26] to increase the unsaturation of the oil. Catalytic dehydration leads into formation of a new double bond in the chain of ricinoleic acid resulting into a conjugated acid.…”

“…The reaction results into the production of both non-conjugated linoleic acid and the conjugated linoleic acid (Scheme 5) [37]. The dehydration of castor oil is usually done at temperatures above 473 K in the presence of an acid catalyst such as concentrated sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, sodium bisulfate, or activated clays under inert atmosphere [25]. The formed linoleic acids have various industrial applications including the production of protective coating, vanishes, lubricants, soaps, paints, inks, manufacture of alkyd resins, coatings, appliance finishes and primers [1,39,40].…”

Studi Pengaruh Waktu, Suhu Dan Jumlah Dehidrator Pada Dehidrasi Risinoleat Minyak Jarak Dengan P2o5

“…Penggunaan dehidrator P2O5 pada penelitian ini didasarkan pada peneltian terdahulu yang merupakan dehidrator kemoselektif dimana belum mengkaji tiga parameter tersebut secara mendalam [12,13] . Dehidrasi risinoleat menghasilkan minyak jarak terdehidrasi (DCO = dehydrated castor oil) yaitu campuran antara linoleat [18 : 2 (9, 12)] dan linoleat terkonjugasi (CLA = conjugated linoleic acid) [18 : 2 (9,11)] kerena terdapat dua Hα terhadap alkohol [1,14] . Risinoleat mempunyai nama kimia 12-hidroksi-9-cis enoat dengan notasi [18: 1 (9), 12 (-OH)] dapat mengalami reaksi dehidrasi, dengan persamaan reaksi secara umum dalam bentuk asam lemak dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1.…”

Studi Kinetika Dehidrasi Risinoleat Dari Minyak Jarak

“…Reaksi dehidrasi sudah sangat umum dilakukan namun untuk molekul besar dan multi gugus fungsional seperti dehidrasi risinoleat maka dehidratornya harus spesifik untuk mencegah berbagai reaksi samping dari dua gugus lain yaitu alkena (C=C) dan triester [4,5] . [6,7] . Penelitian ini secara umum didasarkan pada penelitian-penelitian terdahulu yaitu studi kinetik isomerisasi eugenol [8] , studi kinetika isomerisasi α-pinena [9] , isomerisasi terhadap trans anethole [10] dan studi kinetika isomerisasi safrol [11] .…”

“…Hasil utama dari dehidrasi risinoleat adalah linoleat (LA = linoleic acid) dan linoleat terkonjugasi (CLA = conjugated linoleic acid) dengan produk dominan adalah CLA yang dapat mencapai 70%, karena distabilkan oleh resonansi sesuai dengan hukum Zeithzev [6,7] . Disamping dua produk utama di atas maka reaksi samping juga umum terjadi pada reaksi senyawa organik.…”