Dehydration: Isonatremic, Hyponatremic, and Hypernatremic Recognition and Management

Powers, Karen S.

doi:10.1542/pir.36-7-274

Cited by 25 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…To tackle this, we need to monitor potassium levels in conjunction with sodium levels. To treat dehydration in children, calculated amount of fluids need to be infused as warranted by a study which shows that the maintenance fluid need for ongoing losses and deficit needs have to be fulfilled by providing adequate fluids till normo-volemia is achieved [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Prospective Study on the Clinical Features of Hyponatremic Dehydration in Acute Gastroenteritis

Mohammed

Khan.

2019

Int J Pediatr Res

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Introduction:Babies and children with gentle lack of hydration regularly have negligible or no clinical changes other than a lessening in pee yield. Alongside diminished pee yield in kids with moderate drying out regularly have dried mucous layers, diminished skin turgor, crabbiness, tachycardia with diminished hair like refill, and profound breath. Methodology: The study was done in Deccan College of Medical Sciences & Owaisi Group of Hospitals. Study population consisted from Infants to children aged till 12 years attending the paediatric Department both OPD and IPD care for acute gastroenteritis are enroll in the study. Aims and Objectives: To estimate the incidence of hyponatraemic dehydrationin neonates and children. To evaluates the clinical features associated with acute gastroenteritis associated dehydration. Results: 80 cases were studied and analyzed to detect Gastroenteritis associated dehydration and its clinical features as a possible risk factor for hyponatremia. It was found that 60% of the males were having acute gastroenteritis while it was 40% in female subjects. The data also reveals that higher incidence of acute GE was noted between 6 to 24 months of age while the lower incidence was found in the subjects above 36 months of age. Conclusion: The clinical impression of the type of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances was fairly consistent with serum electrolytes values. This suggest that routine estimation of serum electrolytes is not necessary however it is necessary whenever electrolyte imbalance is suspected on clinical grounds and in cases which do not respond satisfactorily with routine fluid electrolyte therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pediatric Review: International Journal of Pediatric Research Available online at: www.medresearch.in 167|P a g e respiratory example to be the best indicators [3]. No ongoing investigations exist with respect to the electrolyte unsettling influences happening in a youngster experiencing AGE.…”

Section: Original Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

A Prospective Study on the Clinical Features of Hyponatremic Dehydration in Acute Gastroenteritis

Mohammed

Khan.

2019

Int J Pediatr Res

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“…Recent NICE guidelines for fluid therapy in children now recommend isotonic mIVF (22). Despite this, there are those who still recommend hypotonic fluids (23). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Hypotonic Maintenance Intravenous Fluids and Hospital-Acquired Hyponatremia Remain Common in Children Admitted to a General Pediatric Ward

2016

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AimTo evaluate maintenance intravenous fluid-prescribing practices and the incidence of hospital-acquired hyponatremia in children admitted to a general pediatric ward.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study conducted over a 2-month period in children ages 2 months to 5 years who were admitted to a general pediatric ward and who were receiving maintenance intravenous fluids. The composition, rate, and duration of intravenous fluids were chosen at the discretion of the treating physician. Serum biochemistries were obtained at baseline and 24 h following admission. Patients who were at high risk for developing hyponatremia or hypernatremia or had underlying chronic diseases or were receiving medications associated with a disorder in sodium and water homeostasis were excluded. Intravenous fluid composition and the incidence of hyponatremia (sodium <135 mEq/L) were assessed.ResultsFifty-six children were enrolled. All received hypotonic fluids; 87.5% received 0.18% sodium chloride (NaCl) and 14.3% received 0.45% NaCl. Forty percent of patients (17/42) with a serum sodium (SNa) less than 140 mEq/L experienced a fall in SNa with 12.5% of all patients (7/56) developing hospital-acquired or aggravated hyponatremia (126–134 mEq/L) with fall in SNa between 2 and 10 mEq/L.ConclusionAdministration of hypotonic fluids was a prevalent practice in children admitted to a general pediatric ward and is associated with acute hospital-acquired hyponatremia.

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“…Pemeriksaan laboratorium umumnya hanya dilakukan pada anak yang mengalami dehidrasi berat. 9 Hal ini tidak sepenuhnya diterapkan pada tatalaksana pasien diare di RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Pemeriksaan kadar elektrolit serum dilakukan pada lebih dari 100 orang pasien, walaupun hanya 8 orang yang didiagnosis dehidrasi berat.…”

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“…8 Penyakit diare dan dehidrasi berperan dalam 14%-30% kematian bayi dan balita di dunia. 9 Pengukuran kadar elektrolit serum harus dilakukan saat anak mengalami dehidrasi berat atau sedang yang menunjukkan tanda gangguan elektrolit, seperti kejang, perut kembung, atau kelemahan otot. 10 Berbagai jenis gangguan elektrolit yang terjadi, seperti abnormalitas kadar natrium (Na), kalium (K), magnesium (Mg), klorida (Cl) dan kalsium (Ca) dalam serum, 11 berhubungan dengan peningkatan laju mortalitas anak dengan diare.…”

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Prevalensi Gangguan Elektrolit Serum pada Pasien Diare dengan Dehidrasi Usia Kurang dari 5 Tahun di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Tahun 2013-2016

Tyas

Damayanti

Arguni

2018

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Latar belakang. Hingga saat ini, diare masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan dunia, terutama di negara berkembang, termasuk di Indonesia. Salah satu komplikasi lanjutan dari dehidrasi pada diare adalah gangguan elektrolit serum. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui prevalensi gangguan elektrolit serum pada pasien diare dengan dehidrasi serta karakteristik klinis pasien dan hubungan antara derajat dehidrasi terhadap gangguan elektrolit serum. Metode. Penelitian retrospektif dengan rancangan cross sectional menggunakan data rekam medis. Perbedaan dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil. Jumlah pasien yang memenuhi kriteria adalah 173 pasien, 115 pasien yang memiliki data rekam medis lengkap. Tujuh puluh di antaranya mengalami gangguan elektrolit serum. Jenis gangguan elektrolit serum terbanyak dialami adalah hipokalsemia (17,34%). Dari 173 pasien diare dengan dehidrasi, 64,74% berjenis kelamin laki-laki, 43,35% berusia 12-35 bulan, 83,24% mengalami muntah, 52,6% mengalami demam, 4,62% mengalami dehidrasi berat. Penelitian ini tidak membuktikan adanya hubungan signifikan antara derajat dehidrasi terhadap gangguan elektrolit (p=0,243). Kesimpulan. Prevalensi gangguan elektrolit serum pada pasien diare dengan dehidrasi pada anak adalah 40,46%. Sari Pediatri 2018;20(1):37-42Kata Kunci: diare, dehidrasi, gangguan elektrolit serum Prevalence of Serum Electrolyte Disorder in Children Under Five with Diarrhea and Dehydration in Dr. Sardjito Hospital on 2013-2016Rosyida Avicennianing Tyas, * Wahyu Damayanti, ** Eggi Arguni ** Background. Until now, diarrhea is still one of the world health problems, primarily in developing country. One of the complications of dehydration in diarrhea is serum electrolyte disorder. Objective. To determine the prevalence of serum electrolyte disorder in diarrhea patients with dehydration and the patient clinical characteristics, and the relationship of dehydration level to serum electrolyte disorder.Methods. This was a retrospective study with cross-sectional design using medical records. The differences analyzed using Chi-Square. Results. Of the total 173 patients, those met the criteria, 115 patients with complete medical records. Serum electrolyte disorder was observed in 70 patients. The major serum electrolyte disorder noted were hypocalcemia (17,34%). Of 173 diarrhea patients with dehydration, 64,74% were males, 43,35% were aged between 12 to 35 months, 83,24% had vomiting, 52,6% had a fever, 4,62% had severe dehydration. This study didn't show any relationship of dehydration level to serum electrolyte profile (p=0,243). Conclusion. The prevalence of serum electrolyte disorder is 40,46%. Sari Pediatri 2018;20(1):37-42

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Dehydration: Isonatremic, Hyponatremic, and Hypernatremic Recognition and Management

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

A Prospective Study on the Clinical Features of Hyponatremic Dehydration in Acute Gastroenteritis

A Prospective Study on the Clinical Features of Hyponatremic Dehydration in Acute Gastroenteritis

Use of Hypotonic Maintenance Intravenous Fluids and Hospital-Acquired Hyponatremia Remain Common in Children Admitted to a General Pediatric Ward

Prevalensi Gangguan Elektrolit Serum pada Pasien Diare dengan Dehidrasi Usia Kurang dari 5 Tahun di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Tahun 2013-2016

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