Degradation potential of biological tissues fixed with various fixatives: An in vitro study

Abstract

Abstract:The purpose of this study was to investigate the its helical integrity. This made penetration of enzymes into in vitro degradation potential of porcine pericardia fixed with biological tissue easier. Of the multifunctional EC test groups, various aldehyde or epoxy compound (EC) fixatives, using tissues fixed with tetrafunctional EC (EX-521) or trifunctional bacterial collagenase and pronase. The fixatives investigated EC (EX-313) had relatively better resistance to degradation were formaldehyde (FA), glutaraldehyde (GA), monofuncthan those fixed with bifunctional EC (EX-810). The extent tional EC (EX-131), and multifunctional ECs (EX-810, EXof degradation for the EX-313 or EX-512 EC fixed tissues was 313, and EX-512). Fresh porcine pericardium was used as a similar to that observed for the FA-or GA-fixed tissues. The control. The test samples were well immersed in a 20-

Pericardial Processing: Challenges, Outcomes and Future Prospects

“…This is mostly due to inflammatory and cytotoxicity changes (Huang , and continuous wear and tear leading to collagen fiber fragmentation. Besides glutaraldehyde, several cross-linking compounds have been reported in the literature such as genipin (Wei et al, 2005) or epoxy compound (Sung et al, 1997). These alternative methods are used to bridge hydroxylysine residues of different polypeptide chains or amino groups of lysine by oligomeric or monomeric crosslinks (Sung et al, 2003).…”

“…Because of the adverse effects of cross-linking with glutaraldehyde or other aldehyde treatments such as formaldehyde (Nimni et al, 1988) or dialdehyde starch (Rosenberg, 1978), numerous non-aldehyde treatments have been proposed, such as carbodiimides (Sung et al, 2003), glycerol (Ferrans et al, 1991), glycidal ethers (Thyagarajanet al, 1992) including poly(glycidylether) (Noishiki et al, 1986), acyl azide (Petite et al, 1990), cyanimide (Pereira et al, 1990), genipin (Wei et al, 2005), or dye-mediated photo-oxidation, phytate (Grases et al, 2008). Genipin, obtained from the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides ELLIS (Fujikawa et al, 1987;Tsai et al, 1994), exhibited better results than glutaraldehyde regarding its cytotoxicity (Sung et al, 1999), inflammatory response, ability to prevent calcification and tissue-induced mechanical properties (Wei et al, 2005 , 1989), was shown to be less cytotoxic, superior in pliability and to better inhibit calcification than glutaraldehyde (Sung et al, 1997). Carbodiimides generate amide-type crosslinks via direct cross-linking of the polypeptide chains.…”

Reinforced Pericardium as a Hybrid Material for Cardiovascular Applications

“…[5][6][7] However, the crosslinked product has been associated with local cytotoxicity and, more importantly, severe calcification of the material that can over time lead to subsequent matrix deterioration and compromised mechanical properties. [8][9][10] The detailed pathways controlling calcification of cardiovascular tissue, both natural and prosthetic, are not explicitly understood, but as the most common pathology recorded in heart valve failures, 11,12 it is certainly a process under high investigation. It is observed that chemically crosslinking pericardium damages and distorts the natural structure, destroys interstitial cells, and diminishes potential for viable cell inhabitation.…”

“…In one theory, responding immune cells are reported to secrete collagenase, among other proteolytic enzymes, which immediately begins to degrade the collagen network. 9 It is further hypothesized by some that this initial proteolysis of crosslinked collagen debris creates foci for calcium deposition to initialize. 1,10,16 Studies have shown a cooperative relationship between calcification of this type of tissue and the inflammatory response, enzymatic degradation, and microstructural failure (both independent failures and those associated with calcium deposits.…”

Effects of laser irradiation on collagen organization in chemically induced degenerative annulus fibrosus of lumbar intervertebral disc

“…Local distortion of triple-helix and macromolecular packing is due to the side branches created by reaction of the (hydroxy) lysine residues with aldehyde groups [53]. Cross-links are thought to push adjacent molecules apart in the closely packed overlap regions of the fibrils and to cause the expansion of the collagen network [54].…”