Defensive attribution: Effects of severity and relevance on the responsibility assigned for an accident.

Shaver, Kelly G.

doi:10.1037/h0028777

Cited by 685 publications

(569 citation statements)

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“…This was expected, because people typically hold more favourable attitudes towards ingroup members (Tajfel et al, 1971;Tajfel & Turner 1986). Shaver's (1970) defensive attribution hypothesis further posits that blame attributions depend on the perceived similarity with the victim and the likelihood of similar victimization (thus motivating people to avoid future blame attributions). In this sense, considering that women are more likely to perceive themselves as more similar to the victim and that women are usually the rape victims, they held the victim less responsible as a self-defence mechanism.…”

Section: The Influence Of Eye Size and Observer Gender On Attributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Judge me, judge me not: The role of eye size and observer gender on acquaintance rape

et al. 2015

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Título: Júzgame, no me juzgues: el rol del tamaño ocular y el género del observador en la violación por un conocido Resumen: El propósito de este estudio fue examinar el efecto del tamaño ocular y el género del observador en la atracción inicial percibida, honestidad, y atribuciones de responsabilidad en la violación. Se probó un diseño experimental 3 (tamaño del ojo: pequeño vs. normal vs. grande) x 2 (género del observador: masculino vs. femenino). Noventa participantes (45 mujeres y 45 hombres) observaron una de tres caras femeninas asignadas al azar (con manipulación del tamaño de los ojos), y puntuaron la honestidad y atractivo inicial. Entonces se les pidió que leyeran un escenario de violación por conocido con una mujer tradicional, puntuando la responsabilidad de la víctima y del agresor. Se demostró que el tamaño del ojo afecta a todas las variables del estudio: el rostro femenino con ojos grandes fue visto como más atractivo y honesto, se consideró menos responsable de su propia victimización, y el delincuente se vio como más responsable. El género se ha demostrado que afecta a la percepción de atracción inicial y a la responsabilidad de la víctima. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas Palabras clave: Violación por un conocido; tamaño de los ojos; género del observador; atribución de responsabilidad; atractivo; honestidad. Abstract:The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eye size and observer gender on perceived initial attraction, honesty, and attributions of responsibility for rape. A 3 (eye size: small vs. normal vs. large) x 2 (observer gender: female vs. male) experimental design was tested. Ninety participants (45 women and 45 men) observed one of three randomly assigned female faces (with eye size manipulation), and rated initial attraction and honesty. They were then asked to read an acquaintance rape scenario with a traditional woman, rating the victim and perpetrator responsibility. Eye size was shown to affect all the study variables: the female face with large eyes was seen as more attractive and honest, was held less responsible for her own victimization, and the offender was held more responsible. Gender was proven to affect perceived initial attraction and victim responsibility. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

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Section: The Influence Of Eye Size and Observer Gender On Attributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Judge me, judge me not: The role of eye size and observer gender on acquaintance rape

et al. 2015

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“…Attributing greater amounts of blame to a victim who has been severely injured aligns with an individual's desire to believe such an event could not happen in their own lives (Shaver, 1970).…”

Section: Research Questions 2a-2bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attribution theories such as the defensive attributional bias (Shaver, 1970) and "just world" beliefs (Lerner, 1977) also play a role in the attempt to control one's world.…”

Section: Attribution Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The defensive attributional bias (Shaver, 1970) suggests that individuals have a difficult time viewing events with severely negative consequences as purely accidental. The defensive attributional bias refers to "the idea that people attribute more responsibility for actions that produce severe rather than mild consequences" (Fiske & Taylor, 1991, p. 84).…”

Section: Attribution Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Counselors' Attributions of Blame Toward Female Survivors of Battering

Notestine

Murray

Borders

et al. 2017

Journal of Mental Health Counseling

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a social problem that affects roughly 5.3 million women in the U.S. each year, accounts for 1,300 deaths, and often results in a number of physical and mental health consequences. Many women seek counseling as a way to find relief from the symptoms of the abuse they have endured.Unfortunately, women often find the available resources to be inadequate or worse, damaging. Misdiagnosis, non-violent re-victimization, and even blame are

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“…No trabalho de Iório (1996), por exemplo, foi demonstrado que observadores homossexuais fazem também atribuições causais externas, à semelhança dos próprios pacientes, prevalecendo, nesse caso, a chamada atribuição defensiva (Shaver, 1970(Shaver, , 1985, e não mais o viés do observador, o que pode ser explicado como uma forma de tentarem se proteger da idéia de que esses efeitos negativos possam lhes atingir no futuro. Daí se depreende que determinados tipos de observadores podem fugir à predição geral da abordagem das perspectivas divergentes, o que nos levou a questionar se os julgamentos dos médicos, com percepção informada do problema da AIDS e de sua etiologia, seriam equivalentes aos das pessoas leigas.…”

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A AIDS de nossos dias: quem é o responsável?

Regato

Assmar

2004

Estud. psicol. (Natal)

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Investiga-se a problemática da AIDS, com apoio na teoria das perspectivas divergentes (Jones & Nisbett, 1972) e na crença no mundo justo (Lerner, 1975). Pretende-se demonstrar que a interpretação desse evento vitimador pode variar ao se considerar a pessoa infectada (o ator, que adota causas externas) ou o médico (o observador, que usa causas internas ao ator); que atores e observadores diferem quanto à crença no mundo justo; e que as respostas de combate à doença dependem da atribuição feita pelos pacientes. Participaram da pesquisa 191 portadores de HIV/AIDS e 200 médicos, que responderam ao questionário de atribuição de causalidade e à escala de crença no mundo justo. Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças nas atribuições de atores e observadores nas direções preconizadas e o importante papel mediador da atividade atributiva no enfrentamento do infortúnio. Discute-se a utilidade dos achados para a prática dos profissionais de saúde que lidam com os soropositivos.

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Defensive attribution: Effects of severity and relevance on the responsibility assigned for an accident.

Cited by 685 publications

References 8 publications

Judge me, judge me not: The role of eye size and observer gender on acquaintance rape

Judge me, judge me not: The role of eye size and observer gender on acquaintance rape

Counselors' Attributions of Blame Toward Female Survivors of Battering

A AIDS de nossos dias: quem é o responsável?

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