Defense mechanism of the termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, to entomopathogenic fungi

Yanagawa, Aya; Yokohari, Fumio; Shimizu, Susumu

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2007.09.005

Cited by 88 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…independent of an exact assessment). Here, we may only expect deviations from theory if expression of such behaviours may be restricted or have little effect, as seems to be the case of self-grooming in termites [21,51,52]. Yet, testing these predictions is complicated by the fact that pathogen transmission not always reflects disease transmission.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming that this is not an effect of publication bias, it might be due to the fact that ant societies either rarely face highly infectious pathogens or that their social defences, particularly allogrooming, are extremely efficient in reducing disease spread in the colony. The latter is supported by the vast literature on social immunity (reviewed in [2,67,68]) and the fact that allogrooming is largely universal among eusocial insects (ants [5,24,25,32,38,40,[47][48][49][50]; bees [67][68][69][70]; wasps [71]; termites [21,51,52,54,72]) and in other complex societies (e.g. primates and meerkats [10,19]).…”

Section: (E) General and Comparative Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies

Theis

Ugelvig

Marr

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 14 to a theme issue 'The sociality-health -fitness nexus in animal societies'. To prevent epidemics, insect societies have evolved collective disease defences that are highly effective at curing exposed individuals and limiting disease transmission to healthy group members. Grooming is an important sanitary behaviour-either performed towards oneself (self-grooming) or towards others (allogrooming)-to remove infectious agents from the body surface of exposed individuals, but at the risk of disease contraction by the groomer. We use garden ants (Lasius neglectus) and the fungal pathogen Metarhizium as a model system to study how pathogen presence affects self-grooming and allogrooming between exposed and healthy individuals. We develop an epidemiological SIS model to explore how experimentally observed grooming patterns affect disease spread within the colony, thereby providing a direct link between the expression and direction of sanitary behaviours, and their effects on colony-level epidemiology. We find that fungus-exposed ants increase self-grooming, while simultaneously decreasing allogrooming. This behavioural modulation seems universally adaptive and is predicted to contain disease spread in a great variety of host-pathogen systems. In contrast, allogrooming directed towards pathogen-exposed individuals might both increase and decrease disease risk. Our model reveals that the effect of allogrooming depends on the balance between pathogen infectiousness and efficiency of social host defences, which are likely to vary across host-pathogen systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (E) General and Comparative Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies

Theis

Ugelvig

Marr

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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show abstract

“…In such a pathogen-rich environment, many tasks associated with colony foundation will exhaust single females without partners and decrease their immunity against pathogen infection. Furthermore, unlike ants, the only body part that termites can effectively clean through self-grooming is the antenna; therefore, allo-grooming from nest-mates is essential to their survival (Matsuura et al 2002;Yanagawa and Shimizu 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preadaptation for parthenogenetic colony foundation in subterranean termites Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Kawatsu

Matsuura

2012

J Ethol

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Thelytokous (all-female producing) parthenogenesis, in some cases, involves reproductive advantages against obligate sexual reproduction. However, the completion of parthenogenesis takes multiple steps without the help of males, and thus preadaptation that meets those requirements will be an important factor for the evolution of parthenogenesis. The Japanese subterranean termite, Reticulitermes speratus, is known to have the ability of parthenogenetic colony foundation, where females that failed to mate with males found colonies cooperatively with partner females and reproduce by parthenogenesis. In this study, we compared the parthenogenetic ability and the colony initiation behavior among six Reticulitermes species in Japan. All species other than R. speratus were not able to reproduce parthenogenetically. Nevertheless, females of these species without the parthenogenetic ability performed homosexual female-female colony initiation and produced eggs without fertilization. In addition, in one species without parthenogenetic reproduction, R. kanmonensis, female-female pair initiated founding behavior as quickly as a heterosexual pair. These results suggest that female-female colony initiation and virgin egg-laying are predominant characters among the genus Reticulitermes and provide a preadaptive condition for parthenogenetic colony foundation in R. speratus.

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“…Quanto ao I. fumesorosea, este tem demonstrado ser eficiente sobre outras espécies de Coptotermes, chegando a ocasionar 100% de mortalidade sobre Coptotermes formosanus (Shiraki) (Yanagawa et al, 2008;Meikle et al, 2005). Testes avaliando a sobrevivência de C. formosanus pulverizados com I. fumesorosea comprovaram que este é até mais virulento do que o produto comercial à base do fungo M. anisopliae (Meikle et al, 2005), e ocasiona maior mortalidade aos térmitas do que este patógeno Cornelius, 2012).…”

Section: Patogenicidade E Virulência Dos Isoladosunclassified

“…São fáceis e baratos de serem preparados, além de não serem repelentes, o que facilita a disseminação entre os indivíduos (Wright et al, 2003;Meikle et al, 2005;Wright et al, 2008;Yanagawa et al, 2008;Cornelius, 2012;Dunlap et al, 2012). O uso deste pató-geno tem sido pesquisado e recomendado para o controle desses térmitas na forma de pó seco, pó molhável associado ou não com queratina hidrolisada (Wright et al, 2003;Dunlap et al, 2007;Wright et al, 2008Wright et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeitos de isolados do fungo Isaria (Persoon) sobre o cupim subterrâneo Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

et al. 2014

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Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) é considerada uma das espécies mais destrutivas de cupins subterrâneos, por causar danos a edificações, à arborização urbana e a culturas. Uma alternativa para o controle desse inseto pode ser o uso de agentes biocontroladores, como os fungos entomopatogênicos. Isaria (Persoon) tem sido indicado no controle de térmitas subterrâneos, inclusive do gênero Coptotermes. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar isolados de Isaria patogênicos ao cupim C. gestroi. Os insetos pulverizados com suspensões fúngicas de I. farinosa, I. fumosorosea e I. javanica foram avaliados diariamente para a determinação da mortalidade. Todos os isolados foram patogênicos, ocasionando mortalidade acima de 70%, e virulentos, apresentando uma sobrevivência média de 2,0 a 3,9 dias. Contudo, os isolados ESALQ-1205 de I. farinosa, ESALQ-1296 de I. fumosorosea e os isolados URM-4995 e URM-4993 de I. javanica mostraram-se mais virulentos. A CL50estimada para os isolados ESALQ-1205 de I. farinosa, URM-4995 de I. javanica e ESALQ-1296 de I. fumosorosea resultou em valores de 3,7 x 105, 1,4 x 106e 2,7 x 106conídios mL-1, respectivamente. Tais resultados confirmam a eficiência dos isolados testados sobre os operários de C. gestroi. No entanto, novos estudos são necessários para verificar a melhor forma de utilização, bem como a sua efetividade em campo.

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Defense mechanism of the termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, to entomopathogenic fungi

Cited by 88 publications

References 13 publications

Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies

Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies

Preadaptation for parthenogenetic colony foundation in subterranean termites Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Efeitos de isolados do fungo Isaria (Persoon) sobre o cupim subterrâneo Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

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