Deep Learning Fluorescence Imaging of Visible to NIR‐II Based on Modulated Multimode Emissions Lanthanide Nanocrystals

Abstract

Fluorescence bioimaging has always been a research hotspot in the field of life sciences and medicine. Although many studies focus on the promising second near infrared window (NIR-II) imaging, the NIR-II imaging with deep tissue penetration is limited by the broad emission band widths. Herein, a well-designed lanthanide doped nanocrystal is presented that can modulate the energy migration processes by controlling energy migration pathway and cerium-assisted energy transfer processes, resulting in switchable emission modes of visible and NIR-II that dependent by the excitation wavelengths. Subsequently, the multimode emissions of dumbbell-like nanocrystals are cooperated with deep learning, where the advantages of narrow emission peak of visible fluorescence and deep tissue penetration of NIR-II fluorescence are combined to offer a unique deep learning fluorescence bioimaging. By this new imaging method, fluorescence signals can be obtained with narrow emission peak and high signal-to-noise ratio after penetrating phantom tissue. This study brings a powerful idea for cutting-edge applications of intelligent optical materials, such as in vivo information security.

Multimode‐Responsive Luminescence Smart Platform by Single‐Sm3+‐Doped Phosphors

“…Optical Mater. 2023, 11,2300359 Structure and Morphology Characterization: XRD measurements were recorded on an X-ray powder diffractometer (D8, Bruker AXS GmbH, Germany) using Cu Kα1 (1.5406 Å) radiation at room temperature. All the XRD data were collected with a scanning speed of 2.4° min −1 in the range 2θ from 10° to 80°.…”

“…designed lanthanide doped dumbbell‐like core‐shell‐shell nanocrystal NaErF 4 :Ce 3+ ,Yb 3+ @NaYF 4 :Yb 3+ @ NaNdF 4 :Yb 3+ with UCL/DS switchable emission modes of visible and NIR‐II toward deep learning fluorescence bioimaging and in vivo information security. [ 11 ] Obviously, to achieve the multi‐mode luminescence performance, the combination of multi‐ion doping or a series of luminescent materials was adopted in previous studies. In fact, single‐rare‐earth‐doped phosphor usually shows single‐mode luminescence or limited stimuli responsiveness.…”

“…[10] Moreover, Sun et al designed lanthanide doped dumbbell-like core-shell-shell nanocrystal NaErF 4 :Ce 3+ ,Yb 3+ @NaYF 4 :Yb 3+ @ NaNdF 4 :Yb 3+ with UCL/DS switchable emission modes of visible and NIR-II toward deep learning fluorescence bioimaging and in vivo information security. [11] Obviously, to achieve the multi-mode luminescence performance, the combination of multi-ion doping or a series of luminescent materials was Multimode-responsive luminescence materials play pivotal roles both in understanding the fundamental photophysical processes and fabricating smart devices. To obtain inorganic phosphor-based multi-responsive materials, however, triple or even quadruple doping ions or a series of hosts with different compositions are frequently used.…”

Optimized core–shell lanthanide nanoparticles with ultrabright Ce3+-modulated second near-infrared emission for “lighting” plants

“…2 However, traditional fluorescence imaging including visible light (400-750 nm) and the first near-infrared (NIR-I, 750-900 nm) region has limitations, such as low tissue penetration and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). 3,4 In addition, the presence of biological tissue autofluorescence often causes background interference in the image, which also results in decreased clarity of the target signal. 5,6 Recently, second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) photon-mediated fluorescence imaging has won a great deal of attention since the NIR-II fluorescence provides deeper tissue penetration and higher imaging SNR than visible/NIR-I light.…”

“…2 However, traditional fluorescence imaging including visible light (400–750 nm) and the first near-infrared (NIR-I, 750–900 nm) region has limitations, such as low tissue penetration and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). 3,4 In addition, the presence of biological tissue autofluorescence often causes background interference in the image, which also results in decreased clarity of the target signal. 5,6…”