Multimode‐Responsive Luminescence Smart Platform by Single‐Sm³⁺‐Doped Phosphors

Abstract

luminescence. With the booming of materials discovery, considerable progress has been witnessed in the development of luminescent materials, accompanied by diverse optical properties. [4] Multimodal luminescence with multi-level performance by increasing the luminescence modes has attracted extensive interest in recent years. [5] Multimodal luminescence generally involves tunable photon emissions in response to various external stimuli, which could represent good confidentiality abilities for anti-counterfeiting or encryption technologies. For instance, Xia and coworkers realized distinct long persistent luminescence, short-lived UCL in NaGdTi 2 O 6 :Pr 3+ , Er 3+ phosphor which responded to a wide spectrum ranging from X-ray to sunlight, thermal disturbance, and mechanical force. [6] Great efforts have been made to achieve the integration of multiple optical characteristics for sophisticated applications with the combination of UCL, DS, thermally/optically/ mechanically/Xray stimulated luminescence, persistent luminescence, and/or photochromism. [7] Inorganic phosphors, one of the most important types of luminescent materials, have been widely employed in fabricating optoelectronic devices. To obtain multimode-responsive inorganic phosphor-based materials, triple or even quadruple doping ions (e.g., lanthanides, main group, and transition metal ions) or a series of hosts with different compositions were frequently used. Specifically, lanthanide ions including Yb 3+ , Er 3+ , Sm 3+ , Ho 3+ , Nd 3+ , and Tm 3+ have been widely recognized for the exceptional luminescence due to their unique 4f electronic configurations and abundant energy levels. For instance, Yan et al. successfully synthesized the Yb 3+ /Er 3+ /Bi 3+ tri-doping double perovskite with the multimodal luminescent performance. [8] Pan and coworkers first designed up-converted persistent luminescence from Zn 3 Ga 2 GeO 8 :Cr 3+ ,Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ phosphors by combining UCL and long-persistent luminescence processes. [9] Recently, Lyu et al. developed a smart perovskite LiTaO 3 :Bi 3+ ,Tb 3+ ,Ga 3+ ,Ge 4+ with high charge carrier storage capacity for stress sensing and X-ray imaging applications. [10] Moreover, Sun et al. designed lanthanide doped dumbbell-like core-shell-shell nanocrystal NaErF 4 :Ce 3+ ,Yb 3+ @NaYF 4 :Yb 3+ @ NaNdF 4 :Yb 3+ with UCL/DS switchable emission modes of visible and NIR-II toward deep learning fluorescence bioimaging and in vivo information security. [11] Obviously, to achieve the multi-mode luminescence performance, the combination of multi-ion doping or a series of luminescent materials was Multimode-responsive luminescence materials play pivotal roles both in understanding the fundamental photophysical processes and fabricating smart devices. To obtain inorganic phosphor-based multi-responsive materials, however, triple or even quadruple doping ions or a series of hosts with different compositions are frequently used. In this work, a single-rareearth-doped phosphor, Sr 2 YGaO 5 :Sm 3+ , with multi-responsive luminescence i...

Visualizing temperature inhomogeneity using thermo-responsive smart materials

“…The intense emission from the undoped materials or different host matrices has been reported in the literature. 35–38…”

Multimode Dynamic Photoluminescence of Bi3+-Activated ZnGa2O4 for Optical Information Encryption

“…A dynamic optical anticounterfeiting technique used for information recording and reading is preferentially designed with tunable fluorescence in response to external stimuli such as irradiation time, ion doping, excitation wavelength, and temperature. − Specifically, time-evolving dynamic multicolor PL luminescence significantly improves the confidentiality of information security because of its difficult-to-imitate character. Recently, an advanced dynamic optical anticounterfeiting strategy has been developed by capitalizing on time-evolving luminescent conversion for information encryption.…”

Multimode-Responsive Luminescence of Er3+ Single-Activated CaF2 Phosphor for Advanced Information Encryption

“…Recently, researchers have been exploring multimode optical anticounterfeiting strategies that combine various luminescent features to enhance security. − One prominent example is the multilevel anticounterfeiting strategy that incorporates multiple luminescent modes, such as up-conversion luminescence (UCL), long persistent luminescence (LPL), photostimulated luminescence (PSL), and thermoluminescence (TL). − This strategy leverages the unique properties of these luminescent modes to create sophisticated anticounterfeiting features. For example, Xia and co-workers have demonstrated a photonic QR code by synergistically integrating three different light-emitting modes (PL, LPL, and UCL) in a single NaGdTi 2 O 6 :Pr 3+ ,Er 3+ material, and a very high information capacity is obtained through consolidating the QR code and the corresponding color information .…”