Deep decarburization of iron-based melts

Макаров, М. А.; Александров, А. А.; Dashevskii, V. Ya.

doi:10.1134/s0036029507020012

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The deoxidation reaction of hydrogen is not related to the [H] in molten steel, and the degree of deoxidation depends on , not on the system pressure, thus H 2 deoxidation can also be realised at atmospheric pressure. Moreover, the calculation results in Reference [30] and the experimental results in Reference [31] are also marked in Figure 6. The equilibrium curve calculated herein showed a notable deviation from that of Reference [30], which calculated the equilibrium of pure iron, while Figure 5 shows the equilibrium of GCr15 bearing steel.…”

Section: Model Calculation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The chemical reaction occurs as shown in (1). The standard Gibbs free energy of reaction (1) is [30]: The chemical reaction equilibrium constant is: where is the solubility of hydrogen in iron or steel. Owing to the low solubility of hydrogen atoms in iron, an iron dilute solution can be formed in iron liquid, . The solubility of hydrogen in iron or steel liquid can be obtained by combining (20), (21), and (22): According to (23), at different pressures is calculated, as shown in Table 3:…”

Section: Model Calculation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical reaction occurs as shown in (1). The standard Gibbs free energy of reaction ( 1) is [30]:…”

Section: Molecular H 2 Deoxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When H 2 is injected into molten steel, some H 2 will react as follows: H 2 dissolves into the molten steel to form dissolution [H]; thus, H 2 blown into the molten steel has two forms, the H 2 molecule and H atom. Therefore, there are two possible reactions of H 2 deoxygenation: where is the standard Gibbs free energy change [30]. The thermodynamic models of two different deoxidation reactions are established [30].…”

Section: Thermodynamic Model Of H2 Deoxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, there are two possible reactions of H 2 deoxygenation: where is the standard Gibbs free energy change [30]. The thermodynamic models of two different deoxidation reactions are established [30].…”

Section: Thermodynamic Model Of H2 Deoxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamic model and mechanism of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 bearing steel

Lei

Zhu

Guo

et al. 2022

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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A new method of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation is proposed, and the hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 is studied using thermodynamic modelling. Deoxidation by blowing hydrogen is dominated by hydrogen molecular, and the degree of deoxidation depends on p H2O p H2 , which is independent of [H]. Carbon and hydrogen will compete for deoxidation during the blowing of hydrogen. The deoxidation mode depends on the relationship between the actual p H2O p H2 and the critical p H2O p H2 . The system pressure has a great influence on the carbon / hydrogen deoxidation equilibrium. Under vacuum conditions, carbon has a stronger deoxidation ability than hydrogen. Finally, a new process for hydrogen deoxidation was proposed. In the later stage of converter smelting, hydrogen was blown to reduce the excess oxygen → tapping, and hydrogen was blown to alternate deoxidation of carbon and hydrogen → sufficient carbon powder was added into the ladle → RH treatment, and hydrogen was stopped to blown, and carbon deoxidation occurred.

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Section: Model Calculation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Model Calculation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical reaction occurs as shown in (1). The standard Gibbs free energy of reaction ( 1) is [30]:…”

Section: Molecular H 2 Deoxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermodynamic Model Of H2 Deoxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermodynamic Model Of H2 Deoxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Thermodynamic model and mechanism of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 bearing steel

Lei

Zhu

Guo

et al. 2022

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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Thermodynamics and Nucleation Kinetics Model of Nonalloyed Carbon Deoxidation of Bearing Steel

Lei

Zhu

Guo

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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Bearing steel is an important primary manufacturing material for mechanical equipment widely used in the military, aerospace, and transportation industries. Owing to the rapid development of the economy and society, better fatigue life and stable quality of bearing steel are required by engineers. The quality of bearing steel is improved by an important factor, cleanliness, that is, total oxygen content and inclusion control. [1] Currently, there are two main methods to control cleanliness: Al deoxidation and Si-Mn nonaluminum deoxidization. Using the former, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] oxygen content in the molten steel can be rapidly reduced by controlling the deoxidation conditions and high-basicity slag, while total oxygen (TO) can be reduced to less than 5 ppm. However, this introduces spinel and calcium aluminate inclusions, which reduce the fatigue life of bearing steel, causing nozzle clogging. The Si-Mn nonaluminum deoxidization [5,[10][11][12] solves the problem of nozzle clogging and reduces calcium aluminate and spinel inclusions in bearing steel from the source. However, owing to the weak Si-Mn deoxidization ability, the TO in molten steel is higher than that of Al-deoxidized bearing steel. Excess oxygen precipitates at the grain boundary in the form of oxide inclusions, which greatly affects the ductility and corrosion resistance of steel.For decades, metallurgical scholars have conducted studies on inclusions in bearing steel. However, producing nonmetallic inclusions either by Al deoxidation or Si-Mn deoxidation is inevitable. To improve the structural integrity of steel, it is necessary to remove [13][14][15][16][17] or modify [9,[18][19][20][21][22] the inclusions. Using ferroalloy deoxidization to control cleanliness does not solve the contradiction of reducing the oxygen content and avoiding inclusions, which limits the improvement of high-quality bearing steel. Therefore, a new design of cleanliness control for bearing steel is required.To solve these issues, the author proposed two methods for producing high-quality bearing steel: 1) hydrogen deoxidation [23,24] and 2) vacuum carbon deoxidation. [23] Xiao Wei [25] found that the TO content of Si-deoxidized bearing steel after ladle furnace (LF) refining is about 20-30 ppm, and after Ruhrstal and Heraeus (RH) vacuum carbon deoxidization, it is reduced to 8-10 ppm, far higher than the theoretical carbon deoxidization under vacuum conditions. The deoxidation product of carbon deoxidation is CO, which can be spontaneously discharged from the molten steel to avoid residual inclusions. This solves the technical problem of fatigue failure caused by inclusions due to deoxidation. The nonalloyed carbon deoxidation process uses C-O reaction to generate CO gas. Many studies on the C-O reaction mechanism [26] and CO nucleation [27,28] were conducted. However, these researches involve smelting ultralowcarbon steel and blowing oxygen into molten steel to achieve rapid decarburization, and studies on the smelting of high-carbon ultralow-oxygen steel by carbon...

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Development and prospects of molten steel deoxidation in steelmaking process

Wang,

Bao

2024

Int J Miner Metall Mater

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Deep decarburization of iron-based melts

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Thermodynamic model and mechanism of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 bearing steel

Thermodynamic model and mechanism of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 bearing steel

Thermodynamics and Nucleation Kinetics Model of Nonalloyed Carbon Deoxidation of Bearing Steel

Development and prospects of molten steel deoxidation in steelmaking process

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