Decontamination of sulfur mustard on manganese oxide nanostructures

Abstract

Nanostructures made up of restacked manganese oxide nanosheets and nanotubes were tested as reactive sorbents for the detoxification of sulfur mustard, a highly persistent and a deadly chemical warfare agent. The kinetic data was compared with that of the precursor bulk HxMnO2 material and the data show that the agent undergoes hydrolysis and elimination reactions and yields hemisulfur mustard, thiodiglycol, chlorovinylethyl sulfide, divinyl sulfide, and hydroxyvinylethyl sulfide on the surface of the adsorbent made up of nanosheets and tubes; however, it undergoes oxidation reaction and yields sulfoxide of sulfur mustard on the surface of bulk HxMnO2 material. Kinetic data reveal that the adsorbent compiled of manganese oxide nanosheets and nanotubes show a reaction half life of 9.12 h, where the bulk HxMnO2 show the reaction half life of 29.8 h. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007

Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Stoichiometric Degradation of Chemical Warfare Agents

“…Manganese(IV) oxide is polymorphic, with several different crystal structures such as α-MnO 2 (hollandite), β-MnO 2 (pyrolusite), δ-MnO 2 (birnessite), ε-MnO 2 (akhtenskite), γ-MnO 2 (nsutite) and amorphous MnO 2 . Prasad et al ( 2007b ) used reactive sorbent based on nanosheets and nanotubes of manganese oxide for degradation of CEES with a rate constant of 0.148 h −1 and a half-life of 4.66 h, and for the detoxifi cation of HD (Prasad et al 2007c ). Mesoporous manganese oxide MnO 2 nanobelts were prepared from Mn 2 O 3 and NaOH by hydrothermal synthesis at 170 °C for 5 days.…”

Modified titania nanotubes for decontamination of sulphur mustard

“…Prasad et al [17,18], have studied decontamination reactions of HD and CEES on manganese oxide nanostructures. Both authors explained that, intrinsic sites along with intercalated water within nanostructures participate in hydrolysis reactions and decontaminate above said CWAs.…”

Zinc oxide nanocubes as a destructive nanoadsorbent for the neutralization chemistry of 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide: A sulfur mustard simulant

“…Besides, the reactions are analogous to their solution behavior. Investigations have established metal oxide nanostructures such as CuO, MnO 2 , MgO, V 2 O 5 , ZnO, SiO 2 , and CaO [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] as potential adsorbents for the decontamination of HD and its simulants. Adsorption technology has been deemed a favorable mechanism for the removal of CWAs, organophosphorous, and organosulfur decontamination [18][19][20] specifically developed as a substitution for liquid detoxification with the use of corrosive and toxic oxidants such as m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, magnesium monoperoxyphthalate, potassium persulfate, oxon, sodium hypo-chlorite and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) [21,22].…”