Declaring War on War: Gender and the American Socialist Attack on Militarism, 1914-1918

Kennedy, Kathleen E.

doi:10.1353/jowh.2010.0353

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…An examination of the vast literature of women’s social and political protest reveals that motherhood is the most available framing for legitimizing women’s social struggles (Ray and Korteweg 1999). Some of the major examples are the Women’s Peace Party established during World War I (Kennedy 1995) and Women Strike for Peace, which acted first against nuclear armament and later against the Vietnam War (Swerdlow 1993). Both groups used maternal politics as an antidote to a male-dominated, militarist culture that privileges the experience of war.…”

Section: Militarism Gender and Antiwar Protestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Breaking the Silence

2011

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This paper analyzes how military service can be a source of women’s antiwar voices, using the Israeli case of “Women Breaking the Silence” (WBS). WBS is a collection of testimonies from Israeli women ex-soldiers who have served in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. The WBS testimonies change the nature of women’s antiwar protest by offering a new, paradoxical source of symbolic legitimacy for women’s antiwar discourse from the gendered marginalized position of “outsiders within” the military. From this contradictory standpoint, the women soldiers offer a critical gendered voice, which focuses on criticism of the combat masculinity and gendered identification with the Palestinian “other.” While they reaffirm the republican ethos that grants political dominance to male soldiers, they also deconstruct the image of hegemonic masculinity as the emblem of the nation and undermine gendered militarized norms.

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Section: Militarism Gender and Antiwar Protestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Breaking the Silence

2011

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“…Kennedy also found that socialist men in the United States were strongly criticizing women's political activities, in writing as in political cartoons. 45 Even though socialist men's attitudes toward women may have remained largely traditional, Figures 6 and 9 may be interpreted as representing a different normativity. Some men in the Norwegian labor movement openly emphasized and supported women's economic and political agency.…”

Section: Socialist Men and Visions Of A New Humanitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Socialist Antimilitarist Manlinesses: Visual Representations and Normativity in Norway circa 1914

Kollhøj

2009

Peace & Change

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This essay aims at developing the research on antimilitarist men from gender perspectives to acquire more nuanced and precise understandings. The focus is on pictures. I interpret images and texts as elements in cultural communication and in relation to their historical contexts, and look at how socialist antimilitarist ideals and norms coincided with and differed from dominant notions of what men should be. The essay includes discussions of concepts of masculinity, manliness, and unmanliness. I argue that socialist antimilitarist manlinesses contested military values in various degrees and forms, and find four different but overlapping sets of ideals and norms. The first three are revolutionary, muscular, and pacifist socialist manliness, and the fourth is related to visions of a new humanity. I also argue that to better understand men taking the risk to be culturally marginalized, we need more research with a focus on the perspectives of the men themselves.

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Between Front Lines: The Militant Pacifist Rosika Schwimmer (1877–1948) and Her Total Peace Effort

Wernitznig¹

2017

Reconsidering Peace and Patriotism During the First World War

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Declaring War on War: Gender and the American Socialist Attack on Militarism, 1914-1918

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Women Breaking the Silence

Women Breaking the Silence

Socialist Antimilitarist Manlinesses: Visual Representations and Normativity in Norway circa 1914

Between Front Lines: The Militant Pacifist Rosika Schwimmer (1877–1948) and Her Total Peace Effort

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