Decadal variability of the Indian Ocean dipole

Ashok, Karumuri; Chan, Wing‐Le; Motoi, Tatsuo; Yamagata, Toshio

doi:10.1029/2004gl021345

Cited by 137 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…8d), which exhibits large interannual variability with decadal modulation (black and red curves of Fig. 8d) (see also Ashok et al 2004;Song et al 2007;Tozuka et al 2007 for IOD decadal variability). Li and Han (2015) performed a suite of experiments using an eddy-permitting (0.25°9 0.25°) OGCM over the Indian Ocean basin for the 1948-2012 period, to assess the roles played by surface wind stress associated with climate modes, stochastic wind stress forcing and surface heat and freshwater fluxes.…”

Section: Effects Of Climate Modes and Processesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Spatial Patterns of Sea Level Variability Associated with Natural Internal Climate Modes

et al. 2016

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Sea level rise (SLR) can exert significant stress on highly populated coastal societies and low-lying island countries around the world. Because of this, there is huge societal demand for improved decadal predictions and future projections of SLR, particularly on a local scale along coastlines. Regionally, sea level variations can deviate considerably from the global mean due to various geophysical processes. These include changes of ocean circulations, which partially can be attributed to natural, internal modes of variability in the complex Earth's climate system. Anthropogenic influence may also contribute to regional sea level variations. Separating the effects of natural climate modes and anthropogenic forcing, however, remains a challenge and requires identification of the imprint of specific climate modes in observed sea level change patterns. In this paper, we review our current state of knowledge about spatial patterns of sea level variability associated with natural climate modes on interannual-to-multidecadal timescales, with particular focus on decadal-to-multidecadal variability. Relevant climate modes and our current state of understanding their associated sea level patterns and driving mechanisms are elaborated separately for the Pacific, the Indian, the Atlantic, and the Arctic and Southern Oceans. We also discuss the issues, challenges and future outlooks for understanding the regional sea level patterns associated with climate modes. Effects of these internal modes have to be taken into account in order to achieve more reliable near-term predictions and future projections of regional SLR.

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Section: Effects Of Climate Modes and Processesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Spatial Patterns of Sea Level Variability Associated with Natural Internal Climate Modes

et al. 2016

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“…The decadal variability in the 1950-60s is also captured by DMIs obtained from SST and cloudiness, and partly by the subsurface-DMI (Figs. 13c-e), suggesting a decadal modulation of the interannual IOD variability (Annamalai et al 2005;Ashok et al 2004). While no significant trend in the SST-DMI over the last six decades, both the subsurface-and cloudiness-DMIs exhibit significant upward trends after 1970, at 12.1 61.08C and 10.6 60.27 okta for 1970-2006 ( p 5 0.01), respectively.…”

Section: March 2012 T O K I N a G A E T A Lmentioning

confidence: 93%

Regional Patterns of Tropical Indo-Pacific Climate Change: Evidence of the Walker Circulation Weakening

et al. 2012

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Regional patterns of tropical Indo-Pacific climate change are investigated over the last six decades based on a synthesis of in situ observations and ocean model simulations, with a focus on physical consistency among sea surface temperature (SST), cloud, sea level pressure (SLP), surface wind, and subsurface ocean temperature. A newly developed bias-corrected surface wind dataset displays westerly trends over the western tropical Pacific and easterly trends over the tropical Indian Ocean, indicative of a slowdown of the Walker circulation. This pattern of wind change is consistent with that of observed SLP change showing positive trends over the Maritime Continent and negative trends over the central equatorial Pacific. Suppressed moisture convergence over the Maritime Continent is largely due to surface wind changes, contributing to observed decreases in marine cloudiness and land precipitation there.Furthermore, observed ocean mixed layer temperatures indicate a reduction in zonal contrast in the tropical Indo-Pacific characterized by larger warming in the tropical eastern Pacific and western Indian Ocean than in the tropical western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean. Similar changes are successfully simulated by an ocean general circulation model forced with the bias-corrected wind stress. Whereas results from major SST reconstructions show no significant change in zonal gradient in the tropical Indo-Pacific, both bucket-sampled SSTs and nighttime marine air temperatures (NMAT) show a weakening of the zonal gradient consistent with the subsurface temperature changes. All these findings from independent observations provide robust evidence for ocean-atmosphere coupling associated with the reduction in the Walker circulation over the last six decades.

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“…For example, there is a decadal modulation in the frequency of IOD events (Ashok et al 2004), in the relationship between ENSO and the IOD (Schott et al 2009), and in the relationship between ENSO and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (Krishna Kumar et al 1999). Decadal changes in Indian Ocea.n circulation have been documented, including a decrease in the strength of the Indonesian Throughflow, since 1976 (Wainwright et al 2008) and an intensification around 2000 of the subtropical cell (Lee and McPhaden 2008), which links upwelling in the Seychelles-Chagos thermocline ridge to source waters formed between 20°-30°S in the southeastern basin.…”

Section: Indian Ocean Phenomenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

RAMA: The Research Moored Array for African–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction^*

McPhaden¹,

Meyers²,

Ando³

et al. 2009

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

520

327

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Decadal variability of the Indian Ocean dipole

Cited by 137 publications

References 32 publications

Spatial Patterns of Sea Level Variability Associated with Natural Internal Climate Modes

Spatial Patterns of Sea Level Variability Associated with Natural Internal Climate Modes

Regional Patterns of Tropical Indo-Pacific Climate Change: Evidence of the Walker Circulation Weakening

RAMA: The Research Moored Array for African–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction^*

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Decadal variability of the Indian Ocean dipole

Cited by 137 publications

References 32 publications

Spatial Patterns of Sea Level Variability Associated with Natural Internal Climate Modes

Spatial Patterns of Sea Level Variability Associated with Natural Internal Climate Modes

Regional Patterns of Tropical Indo-Pacific Climate Change: Evidence of the Walker Circulation Weakening

RAMA: The Research Moored Array for African–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction*

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RAMA: The Research Moored Array for African–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction^*