Spatial Patterns of Sea Level Variability Associated with Natural Internal Climate Modes

Han, Weiqing; Meehl, Gerald A.; Stammer, Detlef; Hu, Aixue; Hamlington, B. D.; Kenigson, Jessica S.; Palanisamy, Hindumathi; Thompson, P. R.

doi:10.1007/s10712-016-9386-y

Cited by 77 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 193 publications

(290 reference statements)

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“…In addition to contributing to MSL directly, an impact on mean offshore wave conditions (height, direction, period) and hence setup Stopa and Cheung (2014). Han et al (2017aHan et al ( ,b, 2018a Decadal and internal variability PDO, IOD, etc.…”

Section: Decimetresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forcing Factors Affecting Sea Level Changes at the Coast

et al. 2019

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We review the characteristics of sea level variability at the coast focussing on how it differs from the variability in the nearby deep ocean. Sea level variability occurs on all timescales, with processes at higher frequencies tending to have a larger magnitude at the coast due to resonance and other dynamics. In the case of some processes, such as the tides, the presence of the coast and the shallow waters of the shelves results in the processes being considerably more complex than offshore. However, 'coastal variability' should not always be considered as 'short spatial scale variability' but can be the result of signals transmitted along the coast from 1000s km away. Fortunately, thanks to tide gauges being necessarily located at the coast, many aspects of coastal sea level variability can be claimed to be better understood than those in the deep ocean. Nevertheless, certain aspects of coastal variability remain under-researched, including how changes in some processes (e.g., wave setup, river runoff) may have contributed to the historical mean sea level records obtained from tide gauges which are now used routinely in large-scale climate research.

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Section: Decimetresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primarily large scale rather than coastal scale, but there can be associated impacts on coastal processes Han et al (2014Han et al ( , 2017aHan et al ( , b, 2018a Ocean dynamics…”

Section: Decimetresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forcing Factors Affecting Sea Level Changes at the Coast

et al. 2019

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“…2) can deviate considerably from the global mean (typical values range spatially between −5 and +5 mm yr −1 around the 3 mm yr −1 global estimate). Over this 23-year-long time span, this is essentially due to non-uniform thermal expansion (Stammer et al, 2013), in response to natural internal climate variability Palanisamy et al, 2015a, b;Han et al, 2017). However, in some regions, like the Southern Ocean, an anthropogenically forced signal is already probably emerging.…”

Section: Regional Sea Level Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved and homogeneous altimeter sea level record from the ESA Climate Change Initiative

Legeais

Ablain

Zawadzki

et al. 2018

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

170

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Abstract. Sea level is a very sensitive index of climate change since it integrates the impacts of ocean warming and ice mass loss from glaciers and the ice sheets. Sea level has been listed as an essential climate variable (ECV) by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). During the past 25 years, the sea level ECV has been measured from space by different altimetry missions that have provided global and regional observations of sea level variations. As part of the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) program of the European Space Agency (ESA) (established in 2010), the Sea Level project (SL_cci) aimed to provide an accurate and homogeneous long-term satellite-based sea level record. At the end of the first phase of the project (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013), an initial version (v1.1) of the sea level ECV was made available to users . During the second phase of the project (2014-2017), improved altimeter standards were selected to produce new sea level products (called SL_cci v2.0) based on nine altimeter missions for the period 1993-2015 (https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-sea_level_cci-1993_2015-v_2.0-201612; Legeais and the ESA SL_cci team, 2016c). Corresponding orbit solutions, geophysical corrections and altimeter standards used in this v2.0 dataset are described in detail in Quartly et al. (2017). The present paper focuses on the description of the SL_cci v2.0 ECV and associated uncertainty and discusses how it has been validated. Various approaches have been used for the quality assessment such as internal validation, comparisons with sea level records from other groups and with in situ measurements, sea level budget closure analyses and comparisons with model outputs. Compared with the previous version of the sea level ECV, we show that use of improved geophysical corrections, careful bias reduction between missions and inclusion of new altimeter missions lead to improved sea level products with reduced uncertainties on different spatial and temporal scales. However, there is still room for improvementPublished by Copernicus Publications. 282J.-F. Legeais et al.: An improved and homogeneous altimeter sea level record from the ESA since the uncertainties remain larger than the GCOS requirements (GCOS, 2011). Perspectives on subsequent evolution are also discussed.

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“…A number of recent studies have discussed the impact of ENSO on global and regional sea level (Boening et al, 2012;Fasullo et al, 2013;Hamlington et al, 2016;Han et al, 2017;Zhang & Church, 2012). Indeed, the GMSL time series measured by satellite altimetry has a positive correlation with ENSO.…”

Section: Higher Order Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dominant Global Modes of Recent Internal Sea Level Variability

et al. 2019

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The advances in the modern sea level observing system have allowed for a new level of knowledge of regional and global sea level in recent years. The combination of data from satellite altimeters, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, and Argo profiling floats has provided a clearer picture of the different contributors to sea level change, leading to an improved understanding of how sea level has changed in the present and, by extension, may change in the future. As the overlap between these records has recently extended past a decade in length, it is worth examining the extent to which internal variability on timescales from intraseasonal to decadal can be separated from long‐term trends that may be expected to continue into the future. To do so, a combined modal decomposition based on cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions is performed simultaneously on the three data sets, and the dominant shared modes of variability are analyzed. Modes associated with the trend, seasonal signal, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, and Pacific decadal oscillation are extracted and discussed, and the relationship between regional patterns of sea level change and their associated global signature is highlighted.

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Spatial Patterns of Sea Level Variability Associated with Natural Internal Climate Modes

Cited by 77 publications

References 193 publications

Forcing Factors Affecting Sea Level Changes at the Coast

Forcing Factors Affecting Sea Level Changes at the Coast

An improved and homogeneous altimeter sea level record from the ESA Climate Change Initiative

The Dominant Global Modes of Recent Internal Sea Level Variability

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