RAMA: The Research Moored Array for African–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction<sup>*</sup>

McPhaden, Michael J.; Meyers, Gary; Ando, Kenji; Masumoto, Yukio; Murty, V. S. N.; Ravichandran, M.; Syamsudin, Fadli; Vialard, Jérôme; Yu, Lianbo; Yu, Weidong

doi:10.1175/2008bams2608.1

Cited by 532 publications

(340 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…In situ data from the Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA) program [21] are used to evaluate satellite-derived data. We use the daily mean salinity, temperature, current and SST data from the buoy measurements.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Oceanic Variability Associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation during the CINDY/DYNAMO Field Campaign from Satellite Observations

et al. 2013

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During the CINDY/DYNAMO field campaign (fall/winter 2011), intensive measurements of the upper ocean, including an array of several surface moorings and ship observations for the area around 75°E-80°E, Equator-10°S, were conducted. In this study, large-scale upper ocean variations surrounding the intensive array during the field campaign are described based on the analysis of satellite-derived data. Surface currents, sea surface height (SSH), sea surface salinity (SSS), surface winds and sea surface temperature (SST) during the CINDY/DYNAMO field campaign derived from satellite observations are analyzed. During the intensive observation period, three active episodes of large-scale convection associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) propagated eastward across the tropical Indian Ocean. Surface westerly winds near the equator were particularly strong during the events in late November and late December, exceeding 10 m/s. These westerlies generated strong eastward jets (>1 m/s) on the equator. Significant remote ocean responses to the equatorial westerlies were observed in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres in the central and eastern Indian Oceans. The anomalous SSH associated with strong eastward jets propagated eastward as an equatorial Kelvin wave and generated OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2013, 5 2073 intense downwelling near the eastern boundary. The anomalous positive SSH then partly propagated westward around 4°S as a reflected equatorial Rossby wave, and it significantly influenced the upper ocean structure in the Seychelles-Chagos thermocline ridge about two months after the last MJO event during the field campaign. For the first time, it is demonstrated that subseasonal SSS variations in the central Indian Ocean can be monitored by Aquarius measurements based on the comparison with in situ observations at three locations. Subseasonal SSS variability in the central Indian Ocean observed by RAMA buoys is explained by large-scale water exchanges between the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal through the zonal current variation near the equator.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Oceanic Variability Associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation during the CINDY/DYNAMO Field Campaign from Satellite Observations

et al. 2013

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“…In this paper, we will use a high-resolution eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model (OGCM), together with observation and reanalysis data including the Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian monsoon analysis and prediction (RAMA) (McPhaden et al 2009), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Ocean Reanalysis System 4 (ORAS4) and Argo floats, to investigate the EUC seasonal and interannual variability, as well as the impact of IOD on these features. Emphasis is placed on the examination of contributions of different physical process to EUC by dynamical diagnosis of the zonal momentum budget along the equator during the IOD events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of the IOD-associated temperature and salinity anomalies on the intermittent equatorial undercurrent anomalies

Liang

Tang

et al. 2017

Clim Dyn

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“…Many in situ studies on air-sea interactions and oceanic responses to intraseasonal variability have been done in the western Pacific as a part of the TOGA COARE or TAO experiments [e.g., Cronin and McPhaden, 1997;McPhaden, 2002, Wijesekera andGregg, 1996], but comparatively fewer in the poorly observed Indian Ocean [e.g., McPhaden et al, 2009;Horii et al, 2011]. Equatorial SST variability on intraseasonal timescales is most significantly influenced by local net surface heat flux in the western Pacific, zonal advection in the central Pacific, and vertical advection and entrainment in the eastern Pacific [McPhaden, 2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The surface mixed layer heat budget from mooring observations in the central Indian Ocean during Madden–Julian Oscillation events

et al. 2014

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The oceanic surface mixed layer heat budget in the central equatorial Indian Ocean is calculated from observations at two mooring sites (0 S 79 E and 1.5 S 79 E) during three active and calm phases of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) events between September 2011 and January 2012. At both mooring locations, the surface mixed layer is generally heated during MJO calm phases. During MJO active phases at both mooring locations, the surface mixed layer is always cooled by the net surface heat flux and also sometimes by the turbulent heat flux at the bottom of the surface mixed layer. The turbulent heat flux at the bottom of the surface mixed layer, however, varies greatly among different MJO active phases and between the two mooring locations. A barrier layer exerts control on the turbulent heat flux at the base of the surface mixed layer; we quantify this barrier layer strength by a ''barrier layer potential energy,'' which depends on the thickness of the barrier layer, the thickness of the surface mixed layer, and the density stratification across the isothermal layer. During one observed MJO active phase, a strong turbulent heat flux into the mixed layer was diagnosed, despite the presence of a 10220 m thick barrier layer. This was due to the strong shear across the barrier layer driven by the westerly winds, which provided sufficient available kinetic energy to erode the barrier layer. To better simulate and predict net surface heat fluxes and the MJO, models must estimate the oceanic barrier layer potential energy, background shear, stratification, and surface forcing accurately.

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RAMA: The Research Moored Array for African–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction^*

Abstract: A new moored buoy array in the historically data-sparse Indian Ocean provides measurements to advance monsoon research and forecasting.

Cited by 532 publications

References 103 publications

Large-Scale Oceanic Variability Associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation during the CINDY/DYNAMO Field Campaign from Satellite Observations

Large-Scale Oceanic Variability Associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation during the CINDY/DYNAMO Field Campaign from Satellite Observations

Impacts of the IOD-associated temperature and salinity anomalies on the intermittent equatorial undercurrent anomalies

The surface mixed layer heat budget from mooring observations in the central Indian Ocean during Madden–Julian Oscillation events

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RAMA: The Research Moored Array for African–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction*

Abstract: A new moored buoy array in the historically data-sparse Indian Ocean provides measurements to advance monsoon research and forecasting.

Cited by 532 publications

References 103 publications

Large-Scale Oceanic Variability Associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation during the CINDY/DYNAMO Field Campaign from Satellite Observations

Large-Scale Oceanic Variability Associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation during the CINDY/DYNAMO Field Campaign from Satellite Observations

Impacts of the IOD-associated temperature and salinity anomalies on the intermittent equatorial undercurrent anomalies

The surface mixed layer heat budget from mooring observations in the central Indian Ocean during Madden–Julian Oscillation events

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

RAMA: The Research Moored Array for African–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction^*