Death certificate: The urgent consideration of ethnic and racial origin in Chile

Sandoval, Moisés H.; Portaccio, Marcela E. Alvear

doi:10.1016/j.lana.2022.100402

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Since there is no source of administrative data (for example, vital statistics) that would allow a direct comparison of Indigenous to non-Indigenous people, it is hard to know exactly the size of the gap in survival and longevity. In the future, data recording in Chile should include the ethnic origin variable in the vital statistics, as Sandoval and Alvear ( 30 ) suggested. This would help researchers to understand the “why?” and “how and/or what?” of the deaths of people by ethnic origin over time, facilitating the monitoring of ethnic differences in health and mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Summarizing, a limited number of studies have explored some central elements related to the health and longevity of the Chilean population, focusing the study on ethnic differences. This may be explained in part by a lack of information, like not including ethnic origin in the vital statistics of the country ( 30 ), and by the lack of reliable and representative information on the Indigenous populations in the surveys of national representability. In fact, the lack of statistical visibility of Indigenous people can be understood as another expression of discrimination and structural racism ( 31 , 32 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life expectancy by ethnic origin in Chile

Sandoval

Portaccio

Albala

2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundEthnic and racial differences in life expectancy have been well established in different societies. However, even though an important part of the population of Latin America is Indigenous, there is little knowledge about them.ObjectiveDetermine if there are ethnic differences in life expectancy at birth and at 60 years in Chile, and if the Mapuche (largest Indigenous ethnic group) have similar life expectancy to other Indigenous peoples.MethodLife tables for the Mapuche and other Indigenous groups and non-Indigenous people were built using the 2017 census. Specifically, we used the questions of the number of live children born and the number of surviving children. With this information, using the indirect method of own children we determined infantile mortality. Then, using the relational logit model and the model life table (west), we estimated the survival function for all ages.ResultsIndigenous Chileans have seven years lower life expectancy at birth than the non-Indigenous population (76.2 vs. 83.2 years). The differential at age 60 is 6 years (20.3 vs. 26.4 years). We also found that Mapuche have an even greater disadvantage in survival than other ethnic groups. This is reflected in 2 years less life expectancy, both at birth and at 60 years.DiscussionOur results ratify the existence of marked ethnic-racial inequality in the extension of life in Chile and demonstrate a greater disadvantage in terms of survival of the Mapuche compared to other Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups. It is thus of great relevance to design policies that would decrease the existing inequalities in lifespan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life expectancy by ethnic origin in Chile

Sandoval

Portaccio

Albala

2023

Front. Public Health

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Ethnic differences in disability-free life expectancy and disabled life expectancy in older adults in Chile

Sandoval,

Portaccio,

Albala

2024

BMC Geriatr

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Background Although about 10% of the Latin American population is indigenous, ethnic differences in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) and life expectancy with disability (DLE) are unknown. Objective To estimate disability-free life expectancy and disabled life expectancy among Mapuche (the largest indigenous group) and non-indigenous older adults aged 60 years or more in Chile. Method Disability was measured following a methodology that combines limitations of daily living, cognitive impairment and dependence previously validated in Chile. Finally, the DFLE was estimated using Sullivan’s method combining life tables by ethnicity and disability proportions from the EDES survey designed for the study of ethnic differentials in health and longevity in Chile. Results Non-Indigenous people have a higher total and Disability-free life expectancy compared to Mapuche people at all ages. While at age 60 a Mapuche expects to live 18.9 years, of which 9.4 are disability-free, a non-Indigenous expects to live 26.4 years, of which 14 are disability-free. In addition, although the length of life with disability increases with age for both populations, Mapuche who survive to age 80 or 90 expect to live 84% and 91% of their remaining life with disability, higher proportions compared to non-indigenous people (62.9% and 75%, respectively). Conclusions This is the first study addressing inequities in DFLE between the Mapuche and non-Indigenous population, reflected in lower total life expectancy, lower DFLE and higher DLE in Mapuche compared to the non-Indigenous population. Our results underscore the need for increased capacity to monitor mortality risks among older people, considering ethnic differences.

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Death certificate: The urgent consideration of ethnic and racial origin in Chile

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Life expectancy by ethnic origin in Chile

Life expectancy by ethnic origin in Chile

Ethnic differences in disability-free life expectancy and disabled life expectancy in older adults in Chile

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