El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar el diferencial socioeconómico en la mortalidad adulta (treinta o más años de edad) en Chile para el período 1991-2003. Para ello, se utiliza la educación como indicador de estatus socioeconómico. Se estiman modelos de regresión de Poisson con datos transversales provenientes del registro de muertes y de los censos demográficos de Chile (1992 y 2002). Los principales resultados son: 1) la mortalidad disminuye entre un período y otro; 2) el diferencial según nivel educativo disminuye con la edad y es mayor en los hombres; 3) el diferencial relativo entre los más y los menos escolarizados aumentó en el período de estudio. A pesar de ciertas limitaciones propias del estudio por las fuentes de datos utilizadas, los hallazgos permiten constatar el efecto protector de la educación en la mortalidad adulta en Chile. Esto implica que personas con mayor educación presentan menores tasas de mortalidad.
Objectives To examine the association between education and mortality by age and gender in Chile. Methods We drew data from 10,147 adults aged 40 years and over from the Chilean Social Protection Survey linked to the national death records. We specify five Cox regression models to estimate the main and interaction effects for education levels, age, sex, and mortality. Results The hazard ratios reduce with increasing education. Secondary and tertiary education levels are associated, respectively, with 34% and 41% lower hazard rates than 0–4 years of schooling. Also, the educational gradient in mortality is significantly weaker at older ages, and it does not differ by gender. Discussion Our findings endorse the negative association of formal education with adult mortality, uncovering Chile’s structural problems despite the economic improvements underway. It also corroborates the importance of novel longitudinal data for mortality analyses in Latin America.
We aimed to examine the degree to which social participation is associated with mortality risk in older adults in Chile. We used the Chilean National Survey on Elderly Dependency, which is linked to vital statistics, in order to obtain death records. Four proportional risk regression models were estimated. Even with controlled sociodemographic, economic, family, and health variables, older adults who participate in social activities had a 22% lower risk of death than those who do not participate. We concluded that social participation is a strong and significant protective factor for mortality in Chilean older adults. Social participation should thus be promoted from a life course perspective considering its effect on mortality in older adults who maintained an active social life.
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