Life expectancy by ethnic origin in Chile

Sandoval, Moisés H.; Portaccio, Marcela E. Alvear; Albala, Cecilia

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1147542

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Genetic analysis methods recognize two main ancestral components: the Amerindian, usually referred to as “Native American”, and the European ( Fuentes et al, 2014 ; Barozet et al, 2021 ). Current legislation recognizes 10 Indigenous groups in Chile (with an 11th group in the process of being recognized), of which the Mapuche constitute the largest group ( Sandoval et al, 2023 ). However, despite their significant presence, indigenous communities, including the Mapuche, face socio-economic challenges such as higher poverty levels, indigence, and lower life expectancy than non-indigenous populations ( Agostini et al, 2010 ; Sandoval et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Challenges and Threats To Indigenous Identity And Genetic Le...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the gap: returning genetic results to indigenous communities in Latin America

Arango-Isaza,

Aninao,

Campbell

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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In response to inequality in access to genomics research, efforts are underway to include underrepresented minorities, but explicit (and enforcing) guidelines are mostly targeted toward the Global North. In this work, we elaborate on the need to return scientific results to indigenous communities, reporting the actions we have taken in a recent genomic study with Mapuche communities in Chile. Our approach acknowledged the social dynamics perpetuating colonial hierarchies. We framed genetic results to empower indigenous knowledge and communities’ history and identities. A fundamental step in our strategy has been sharing the results with the communities before publishing the scientific paper, which allowed us to incorporate community perspectives. We faced the challenge of translating genetic concepts like admixture, emphasizing the distinction between identity and biology. To reach a broad and diverse audience, we disseminated the study results to single community members, cultural representatives, and high schools, highlighting the importance of the history of the region before the European contact. To facilitate results dissemination, we prepared didactic material and a report in Spanish written in non-specialized language, targeting a wider Latin American readership. This work illustrates the benefits of discussing scientific findings with indigenous communities, demonstrating that a collaborative and culturally sensitive approach fosters knowledge sharing and community empowerment and challenges power dynamics in genetic research. Bridging the gap between academia and indigenous communities promotes equity and inclusion in scientific endeavors.

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Section: Challenges and Threats To Indigenous Identity And Genetic Le...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the gap: returning genetic results to indigenous communities in Latin America

Arango-Isaza,

Aninao,

Campbell

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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“…Epidemiologic studies can provide a better knowledge of the risk variables linked with cognitive decline in older adults, which is critical given the expanding elderly population. About 80% of the Indigenous population lives in urban areas and practically 50% live in the Metropolitan region, which is the most populated in the country such studies may have important implications for developing preventative and therapeutic programs for cognitive health in urban environments [ 19 ]. On the other hand, national level or large geographical area estimates do not account for the disease variability in smaller geographical areas within a country, potentially missing information and target populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older from Chile: a cross-sectional study

Souza-Lima,

Matsudo,

Valdivia-Moral

et al. 2023

BMC Geriatr

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Background Few studies in Latin America have examined the association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive impairment (CI) in a nationally representative sample. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CI in a nationally representative sample of adults aged 60 years or older from Chile and to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk factors and CI. Methods Data from the cross-sectional 2016–2017 National Health Survey of Chile, which included 2031 adults (63.7% women) was used. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome (blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting glucose or treatment for diabetics, waist circumference, and HDL cholesterol), risk of cardiovascular disease (history and measured variables, using the Framingham risk score), tobacco use, and physical activity were measured. CI was assessed using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Results Overall, the prevalence of CI was 12.2% at the national level. Significant differences in CI were observed by age, education level, risk of cardiovascular disease, and smoking. High risk of cardiovascular disease was associated with higher odds of CI (OR: 2.04; 95%CI: 1.20–3.45) compared to low risk. Smoking was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of CI (OR: 0.56; 95%CI: 0.36–0.87) compared to never smoking. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and physical activity were not associated with CI. Conclusions This study provided additional support for previous findings on the relationship between cognitive decline and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Worse CI was associated with the group with the highest risk of cardiovascular disease, and the presence of lifestyle factors, such as obesity and physical inactivity, exacerbate this relationship, but not being a current smoker.

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Ethnic differences in disability-free life expectancy and disabled life expectancy in older adults in Chile

Sandoval,

Portaccio,

Albala

2024

BMC Geriatr

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Background Although about 10% of the Latin American population is indigenous, ethnic differences in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) and life expectancy with disability (DLE) are unknown. Objective To estimate disability-free life expectancy and disabled life expectancy among Mapuche (the largest indigenous group) and non-indigenous older adults aged 60 years or more in Chile. Method Disability was measured following a methodology that combines limitations of daily living, cognitive impairment and dependence previously validated in Chile. Finally, the DFLE was estimated using Sullivan’s method combining life tables by ethnicity and disability proportions from the EDES survey designed for the study of ethnic differentials in health and longevity in Chile. Results Non-Indigenous people have a higher total and Disability-free life expectancy compared to Mapuche people at all ages. While at age 60 a Mapuche expects to live 18.9 years, of which 9.4 are disability-free, a non-Indigenous expects to live 26.4 years, of which 14 are disability-free. In addition, although the length of life with disability increases with age for both populations, Mapuche who survive to age 80 or 90 expect to live 84% and 91% of their remaining life with disability, higher proportions compared to non-indigenous people (62.9% and 75%, respectively). Conclusions This is the first study addressing inequities in DFLE between the Mapuche and non-Indigenous population, reflected in lower total life expectancy, lower DFLE and higher DLE in Mapuche compared to the non-Indigenous population. Our results underscore the need for increased capacity to monitor mortality risks among older people, considering ethnic differences.

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Life expectancy by ethnic origin in Chile

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Bridging the gap: returning genetic results to indigenous communities in Latin America

Bridging the gap: returning genetic results to indigenous communities in Latin America

Association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older from Chile: a cross-sectional study

Ethnic differences in disability-free life expectancy and disabled life expectancy in older adults in Chile

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