Death by tanning — a case of fatal basic chromium sulphate poisoning

Heerden, Peter Vernon van; Jenkins, Ian; Woods, W. P. D.; Rossi, Enrico; Cameron, Peter

doi:10.1007/bf01707671

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A 41-year-old woman, who ingested 48 g chromium sulfate, developed a hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, pancreatitis, and intractable cardiogenic shock. 11 Postmortem examination demonstrated an erosive gastroenteritis of the entire gut, hemorrhagic pancreatitis, pulmonary congestion, and peritonitis.…”

Section: Trivalent Chromiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium

Barceloux¹

1999

Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology

462

304

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Chromium occurs primarily in the trivalent state (III), which is the most stable form, or in the hexavalent state (VI), which is a strong oxidizing agent. Elemental chromium (0) does not occur naturally on earth. Trivalent chromium (III) is an essential trace metal necessary for the formation of glucose tolerance factor and for the metabolism of insulin. Commercial applications of chromium compounds include tanning (III), corrosion inhibition, plating, glassware-cleaning solutions, wood preservatives (VI), manufacture of safety matches, metal finishing (VI), and the production of pigments (III, VI). Hexavalent chromium (VI) contaminated local soil when chromium waste slag was part of the fill material present in residential, public, and industrial areas. In some urban areas, about two-thirds of the chromium in air results from the emission of hexavalent chromium from fossil fuel combustion and steel production. The remaining chromium in air is the trivalent form. The residence time of chromium in air is < 10 days, depending on the particle size. Trivalent compounds generally have low toxicity and the gastrointestinal tract poorly absorbs these compounds. Hexavalent chromium is a skin and mucous membrane irritant and some of these hexavalent compounds are strong corrosive agents. Hexavalent chromium compounds also produce an allergic contact dermatitis characterized by eczema. Sensitivity to trivalent compounds is much less frequent, but some workers may react to high concentrations of these compounds. Hexavalent chromium is recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and by the US Toxicology Program as a pulmonary carcinogen. The increased risk of lung cancer occurs primarily in workers exposed to hexavalent chromium dust during the refining of chromite ore and the production of chromate pigments. Although individual studies suggest the possibility of an excess incidence of cancer at sites outside the lung, the results from these studies are inconsistent.

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Section: Trivalent Chromiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium

Barceloux¹

1999

Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology

462

304

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“…However, there have been some cases reporting its dangerous side-effects such as acute hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure. [111213] Green tea, which is widely used because of its ant-oxidant, weight-reducing and anti-cancer properties, contains Camellia Sinensis. There have been several cases that show an association of Camellia Sinensis with liver toxicity ranging from acute hepatitis to liver failure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxycut-induced liver toxicity

Dh¹,

Shah²,

Patel³

et al. 2014

Ann Med Health Sci Res

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In the recent era, use of various nutritional supplements is highly encouraged amongst the people of United States. Weight loss supplements are major part of the nutritional supplements and their usage is unregulated in the US. Obesity is a major health concern in the US and Americans spend around $30 billion a year for weight loss supplements. At times, these supplements can be responsible for documented or undocumented adverse drug effects. The health consequences related to these supplements are often overlooked by the general public, even though FDA issues advisories regarding them. One common supplement used for weight loss was Hydroxycut (Iovate Health Sciences Research, Oakville, Ontario, Canada). Hydroxycut was recalled from the market after a FDA warning in May 2009 because of 23 reports of serious health problems ranging from jaundice and elevated liver enzymes to liver damage. 1 This case report adds evidence for Hydroxycut - induced hepatotoxicity. A 27 year old man with right upper quadrant pain and jaundice was found to have elevated liver enzymes and was taking Hydroxycut along with other supplements. Liver biopsy showed drug induced hepatotoxicity. Discontinuation of Hydroxycut dramatically improved liver functions and related symptoms.

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“…A recent meta-analysis of available RCTs concluded that weight reduction with chromium although statistically significant was not clinically meaningful [2] . There have been case reports of chromium toxicity causing acute hepatitis, thrombocytopenia and renal failure due to both environmental [16,17] and dietary supplements [18] . Although renal failure requiring dialysis is a more common concern [19] , those presenting with liver toxicity frequently elaborate aminotransferase elevations greater than 1000 mg/dL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%